Chapter 1: Science & the Study of Life
Which level of biological organization is composed of several tissues?
What is organ?
Which functional group is PO4?
Name 1 part of cell theory.
1. all cells come from preexisting cells
2. all living things are made of cells
3. a cell is the smallest unit of life
What does it mean for the plasma membrane to be selectively permeable?
Allows certain molecules through while blocking others.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy can not be created nor destroyed.
True or false? Scientific theories, once found to be true, are always true.
What is false?
What monomer makes up nucleic acids?
What are nucleotides?
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Barrier for the cell. Controls what goes in and out.
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution.
Water enters the cell & the cell may burst.
What is the role of an enzyme in a metabolic reation?
Increases the reaction rate of a metabolic reaction.
A physician specializes in surgery involving the following group of organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Overall, what is the highest level of organization that this physician is specialized in?
What is organ system?
When a covalent bond forms what happens to the electron?
What is shared between the atoms?
Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?
Mitochondrion
What is the plasma membrane made up of?
Phospholipids & proteins
What is entropy?
The measure of disorder in a system
Jennifer wants to use the brand of fertilizer that gives her the most tomatoes from each plant. She breaks her plants into groups and uses a different brand of fertilizer on each group. The experimental/independent variable is represented by?
What is brand of fertilizer?
Which type of bond formation is responsible for the properties of water?
What is a hydrogen bond?
What is the innermost membrane of the chloroplast?
thylakoid membrane
Describe the solute concentration compared to the cell in the 3 types of solutions we covered.
Hypertonic- higher solute concentration
Isotonic- equal solute concentration
Hypotonic- lower solute concentration
What is the difference between exergonic & endergonic reactions?
exergonic- releases energy
endergonic- requires energy input
Jeff wants to know what concentration of bleach would be most effective at killing bacteria without overdoing it and using too much bleach. Jeff makes 3 solutions of bleach in water, 1, 5, and 10% solutions. He then adds a specific number of bacteria to a test tube of each solution and waits 3 minutes. He puts these bacterial on a petri plate and later counts colonies to see how many bacteria survived. In this experiment, the number of bacteria that were killed would be what type of variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Does low pH level (0-6) indicate an acid or a base?
What is an acid?
Name the process of eukaryotes' origin and briefly explain the steps of the process.
Endosymbiotic theory.
1. prokaryotic ancestor engulfs ancient mitochondrion & chloroplast
2. mitochondrion creates energy & chloroplast creates food
3. mitochondrion & chloroplast are presreved through evolution
4. mitochondrion & chloroplast become organelles in newly evolved eukaryotic cell
Which types of membrane transport require energy?
Active transport, exocytosis, & endocytosis
Name 3 factors affecting enzymatic speed.
1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Substrate concentration
4. Enzyme activation
5. Enzyme inhibition
6. Enzyme cofactors