Atoms
Protons and neutrons
Electronegativity of elements increases as you move ____ and _____ on the Periodic Table
Up and to the Right
What is the main function of lipids in the body?
Long-term energy storage (but also cell membrane, signaling molecules, insulation, and more)
The ______ of an amino acid molecule gives the molecule it's characteristics
R-group
Generally, carbohydrates are...
(Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic)
Hydrophilic
Which subatomic particle is responsible for determining how the atom with interact with other atoms?
Electrons
The partially positive side of H2O is attracted to the partially negative side of NH3. This is an example of ______ bonding
Hydrogen bonding
Phospholipids form what structure in aqueous solutions?
Bilayer or micelle
The sequence of amino acids in a peptide chain is refered to as the ________ Structure of the protein
(Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quantinary)
Primary structure
Sucrose, Maltose, and Lactose are examples of...
Disaccharides
Hund's Rule: Electrons occupy the _______ energy orbitals availible first.
(highest/lowest)
Lowest
NaCl, CaCO3, and MgO are strong attractions between a metal and non-metal. These are all example of which bond?
Ionic bonds
Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (Phosphate group) and hydrophobic tails (fatty acids). This term for this type of molecule is called...
Amphipathic
Amino acids that our bodies require but are unable to synthesize are called...
Essential amino acids
Chitin, Cellulose, Starch, and Glycogen are examples of...
Complex polysaccharides
Given that the mass number of H is 1.008 and the mass number of O is 15.999, what is the molecular weight of a water molecule?
~18g/mol
An unknown ion forms a hydration shell (surrounded by water molecules) in water. The H in the water molecules is attracted to the ion. What is the charge of the ion?
Negative
Unsaturated fats tend to be ______ at room temperature. Their double bonds create a kink that prevents them from packing tightly
Liquid
Your friend gets stung by a jellyfish so you pee on him. The heat, salinity, and acidicness of urine causes the vemon protein to ______
Denature
Lactose intolerance is caused by a decrease in the activity of what enzyme?
Lactase
Carbon-12 has a relative abundance of 98.9% while Carbon-13 has a relative abundance of 1.1%. What is the mass of carbon on the periodic table?
12.011g/mol
Eicosanoids are lipid-based signaling molecules. Is a prostaglandin molecule polar or nonpolar?
Nonpolar
Saponification involved cutting the ester of triacylglycerols via ______________ to make soap
Base-catalyzed Ester Hydrolysis
When single polypeptide chains come together to make a complex protein, maintained by interactions of the R-groups. This refers to the ________ Structure of the protein
(Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quantinary)
Quantinary
The name of the covalent bond that connects a Glucose monomer and a Fructose monomer is called...
Glycosidic linkage