foundations of psych
mind; behavior
who is known as the father of psychology
wilhelm wundt
a mental framework that helps us organize information is called a ______
schema
memory is best defined as the _____ of information over time
retention
forgetting someone’s name because you were distracted during introductions is an example of ______ failure.
encoding failure
the method of acquiring knowledge relies on authority figures, can be wrong is the authority is wrong
method of authority
william james founded which early perspective that focused on the function of consciousness?
funtuionalism
a rule-of-thumb strategy for problem solving is called a ______
heuristic
what are the three main processes of memory?
encoding, storage, retrieval
after learning a new phone number, you can’t remember your old one. This is ______ interference.
retroactive interference
what is pseudoscience? give an example
system of ideas presented as science but lacks evidence
freud believed unconscious desires and childhood experiences shaped behavior, this is called _______
psychoanalysis
solving a math problem with the pythagorean theorem is an example of _____
algorithm
sensory memory has a ______ capacity and _____ duration
large capacity, very short duration
walking to your old parking spot instead of your new one shows ______ interference.
proactive interference
compare the empirical method to the rational method
empiricism= direct observation, experience
rational method= logic/ reasoning from premises
who were the 3 founders of gestalt psychology? what was their main principle?
wertheimer, köhler, koffka, "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts"
what's the difference between fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence?
fluid is the ability to solve new problems and crystallized is accumulated knowledge and skills
which type of rehearsal is more effective for long-term memory, maintenance or elaborative?
elaborative rehearsal
elizabeth loftus showed that eyewitness testimony can be flawed by what factor?
misinformation effect, leading questions
give an example of intuition
structuralism- wilhelm wundt
Match the psychologist to their perspective:
John Watson / B.F. Skinner / Ivan Pavlov → ______
Carl Rogers / Abraham Maslow → ______
Noam Chomsky → ______
behaviorism, humanism, cognitive revolution
give an example of divergent thinking
generating multiple uses for a paperclip
what brain structure is essential for forming new memories, and which famous patient had his removed?
hippocampus; patient H.M.
match each type of amnesia:
Loss of past memories = ______ amnesia
Inability to form new memories = ______ amnesia
retrograde; anterograde