Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
Unlike classical conditioning, this type of learning involves increasing or decreasing a behavior based on its consequences.
What is operant conditioning?
The mid-20th century approach to studying the mind borrowed from this type of technology, inspiring the idea of the brain as an information processor.
What is the digital computer / information processing model?
This principle explains why we perceive a series of connected dots or lines as a continuous path rather than as separate segments.
What is good continuation?
This early-selection model blocks unattended information before meaning is processed.
What is Broadbent’s Filter Model?
This memory model describes how information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory, and eventually to long-term memory.
What is the Atkinson-Shiffrin model?
This type of neural coding is unlikely because the world has too many stimuli to dedicate one neuron per object.
What is specificity coding?
Processing shaped by expectations and prior knowledge
What is top-down processing?
Constantly switching between tasks like scrolling social media, half-listening to a podcast, and answering a text message.
What is continuous partial attention?
The famous experiment involving a loud noise and a white rat to create fear in a child is an example of this.
What is classical conditioning?
Neurons communicate through this rapid change in electrical potential along their membranes.
What is an action potential?
Movement is critical to perception because it allows the visual system to gather this kind of information about objects in the environment.
What is depth, shape, or spatial information?
The “leaky” version of the filter allows some unattended information to still get through
What is Treisman’s Attenuation Model?
In operant conditioning, this term describes the process by which the likelihood of a behavior changes based on rewards or punishments.
What is reinforcement or punishment?
This part of the cortex is responsible for planning, decision-making, problem-solving, and coordinating complex behaviors by integrating information from multiple senses.
What is the frontal lobe?
According to this principle, the more consistent the evidence with prior knowledge, the more likely our brains will interpret it in a certain way.
What is Bayesian inference?
Repeating aloud what you hear in one ear during a dichotic listening task.
What is shadowing?
The process of repeatedly practicing or mentally reviewing information to move it from short-term to long-term memory is called this.
What is rehearsal?
If a kitten is raised in an environment of only vertical lines, its neurons in the visual cortex will become most sensitive to these visual patterns. This demonstrates what principle?
What is experience-dependent plasticity?
This effect demonstrates the interference between the automatic process of reading words and the task of naming ink colors.
What is the Stroop effect?
Moving your eyes vs. shifting your attention without moving them.
What are overt and covert attention?