Exam 1 Review

Homeostatic Mechanisms

100

Childbirth is an example of this.

What is positive feedback loop?

300

An example of this is bringing the body back to its set point through homeostatic mechanisms.

What is negative feedback?

400

Increase risk of disease, contributes with changes associated with aging, and control system becomes less efficient.

What happens when a feedback mechanism fails/starts to fail?

500

Level of organization from smallest to largest.

What is atoms, molecules, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism?

Body planes, sections, cavities & regions

100

The 2 major divisions of the body.

- Axial

- Appendicular

200

The ribcage is this to the lungs.

What is superficial?

300

The big toe is this to the ankle.

What is distal?

400

Contains both the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

What is ventral body cavity?

Chemistry

100

Charged atoms.

What are ions?

200

CH₄

H₂O

What is an organic compound?

What is an inorganic compound?

300

Functions in the body of this molecule include lubricant and cushion, heat absorption, and liquid mixtures (acts as a solvent).

What is water?

400

1. H + Cl → HCl

2. HCl → H⁺ + Cl^-

3. HCl + KOH → KCl + H₂O

1. synthesis

2. decomposition

3. exchange

500

Forms from the breakdown of carbohydrates.

What is ATP?

Membrane Transport

100

Selectivity permits free passage of some materials and restricts others. Cell membrane determines what enters/exits.

What is membrane permeability?

200

Functions of lipids in cell membrane?

Functions of carbs in cell membrane?

What is the phospholipid bilayer and cholesterol acts as stabilizer of membrane?

What is glycolipids/glycoproteins? (lubricates, cushion, protects cell, reinforce membrane, cell-cell and pathogen recognition)

300

Functions of proteins.

- integral proteins

- enzymatic activity

- signal transduction

- cell-cell recognition

- attachment

- carrier/channels

- receptors

- enzymes

400

Difference between simple and facilitated diffusion?

Simple: nonpolar/lipid soluble molecules diffuse directly through lipid bilayer.

Facilitated: uses channels/carriers to transport materials.

500

The number of Na⁺ pumped __ and number of K⁺ pumped __.

What 3 Na⁺ pumped out and 2 K⁺ pumped in?

Cells and Organelles

200

Steps of gene to a protein.

1. Transcribe DNA to mRNA

2. Translate mRNA to protein sequence.

300

This is "cell drinking".

What is pinocytosis?

400

Specific shape that matches substrates on reactant.

What is an enzyme? (lock and key)

500

Causes cell to shrivel.

What is hypertonic?