Chapter 1
This term refers to people born around the same time who share historical experiences.
What is a cohort?
The first cell formed at fertilization is called this.
What is a zygote?
This brain process removes unused neural connections.
What is pruning?
This emotion typically emerges around 9 months and causes infants to cry or pull away from unfamiliar people.
What is stranger wariness?
This genetic concept refers to observable characteristics such as eye color.
What is a genotype?
The science of human development focuses on how people change and remain the same over time.
What is human development?
A harmful prenatal agent that can negatively affect development.
What is a teratogen?
The brain structure most directly involved in emotion and fear.
What is the amygdala?
When an infant and caregiver respond to each other with coordinated smiles and sounds, this is occurring.
What is synchrony?
This brain structure is most associated with memory.
What is the hippocampus?
This debate focuses on the relative influence of genes and environment on development.
What is the nature–nurture debate?
This prenatal period lasts from week 3 to week 8 and is when major organs form.
What is the embryonic period?
This biological process protects the brain when malnutrition disrupts body growth.
What is head-sparing?
Inborn differences between individuals in emotions, activity level, and self-regulation are known as this.
What is temperament?
This scale is used at a newborn’s first medical exam to assess heart rate, respiration, and reflexes.
What is the Apgar scale?
A research design that compares different age groups at one point in time is called this type of study.
What is cross-sectional?
This concept refers to a specific time when exposure to a teratogen is most harmful.
What is a critical period?
Excessive early growth of neural connections is known by this term.
What is transient exuberance?
Psychologist who thought infants were biologically prepared to produce language.
Who is Chomsky?
This term refers to the point at which a fetus may survive outside the uterus with medical care.
What is age of viability?
This pattern of development describes improvement in some areas while decline occurs in others at the same time.
What is multidirectional?
This disorder illustrates a threshold effect, meaning harm occurs only after a certain level of exposure.
What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
Reduced height for age, caused by infant malnutrition.
What is stunting?
These three dimensions describe temperament differences in infants.
What are effortful control, negative mood, and exuberance?
Name one primary emotion that infants have.
FEAR
HAPPINESS
DISGUST