Pharmacology
This drug acts on the heart to decrease (blunt) HR and myocardial contraction force and decrease sympathetic tone
What is a Beta Blocker?
The most important muscle of ventilation and the nerve that innervates this muscle
What is the diaphragm and phrenic nerve (C3,C4,C5)?
Pt displays a severe headache, SOB, and pulsations in their neck. You check their BP and it is noted to be 135/85 mmHg. What is the Dx and stage?
What is Hypertension (Stage 1)?
A 66-year-old man with a smoking history of one pack per day for the past 47 years presents with progressive shortness of breath and chronic cough, productive of yellowish sputum, for the past 2 years. Lung examination reveals a barrel chest and poor air entry bilaterally, with moderate expiratory wheezing. What is the patient's Dx?
What is COPD?
A pt is on beta blockers and HR is unreliable, how would you measure your pt's exertion to exercise
What is the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale?
This is the most widely used antiarrhythmic drug
What is Amiodarone?
3 most important factors that affect the regulation of stroke volume
What is Preload, Contractility, and Afterload?
Pt displays fatigue, ascites, distended jugular vein, and dependent edema. What is pt's Dx?
What is Right-Sided Heart failure (Cor pulmonale)?
A 12-year-old girl presented to the emergency department after her first soccer practice with extreme SOB, cough, and wheezing. What is the pt's Dx?
What is asthma?
This type of testing shows how well your lungs are working. The tests measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange. An example is Spirometry.
What is Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT)?
This is the most effective agent for controlling chronic asthma and the route of administration during an acute asthma act
What are Glucocorticoids (Corticosteroids) and IV?
The movement of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration (inhalation) and out of the lungs during expiration (exhalation).
What is Pulmonary ventilation?
Pt has a disease that is described by the presence of an obstruction that causes permanent damage to heart muscle fibers and this in turn inhibits heart muscle function.
What is CHD (Coronary Heart disease)?
Your pt is a 68-year-old man who developed a productive cough four days ago. The sputum is thick and yellow. He developed a fever, shaking chills, and malaise along with the cough. You perform lung auscultation and hear crackles. The pt's chest x-ray shows interstitial infiltrates. What is the pt's Dx?
What is Pneumonia?
What are some modifiable risk factors of CVD that we can educate our patients on?
What is Nutrition, Diabetes, Cholesterol, HTN, obesity, tobacco, and physical inactivity?
This is the drug of choice for treating COPD
What is Anticholinergic Drug?
These are the functions of the Respiratory System (4)
What are gas exchange between the atmosphere and blood, homeostatic regulation of body PH, protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances, and forms of speech sounds?
Pt is a 65-year-old female who presents to your outpatient clinic with nausea, fatigue, feeling of impending doom, and general weakness.
What is an MI?
The pt is a seven-year-old boy who presents with a fever of 102.1 F (38.9 C) and has felt more tired. He has a chronic cough and his mom stated that there is thick yellow mucus. Higher than normal amounts of sodium chloride were found during a sweat test. What is the Dx?
What is Cystic Fibrosis (CF)?
1. List the Normal Values for PH, PAO2, PCO2, and HCO3.
2. Your pt's ABGs show that their PH= 7.65, PCO2= 26, and HCO3= 25. What is the Dx?
1. PH:7.35 to 7.45, PAO2: 80-100, PCO2: 35-45, and HCO3: 22-28
2. What is Respiratory Alkalosis?
The cardiovascular adverse reactions of Beta-Adrenergic agonist drugs such as Albuterol are.
What is tachycardia and palpitations?
These two factors determine MAP
What is CO and Peripheral Resistance?
Pt presents with SOB on exertion and cough. Pt also reports that he has been sleeping with more pillows at night (orthopnea)
What is Left-sided Heart failure?
Pt is a 51-year-old male with a history of DVTs, morbid obesity, hypertension, and pre-diabetes. He presented to the emergency room s/p 5 days after R TKA with acute onset of dyspnea, substernal chest pain, and hypoxia. What is the pt's Dx?
What is a Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?
Name the 3 shunts that are present in the heart during the development of fetal circulation.
What is Ductus venosus, Foramen ovale, and Ductus arteriosus?