Chemistry
Negatively charged subatomic particle
Electron
A rock is sitting still at the top of a hill. What type of energy is this?
Potential energy
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
Make ATP (energy) from glucose
DNA and RNA belong to this class of macromolecules, which are made up of nucleotide monomers.
Nucleic Acids
The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons
isotope
If something has a pH of 3, is it an acid or a base?
acid
Which step of cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm and converts glucose into pyruvate, ATP, and NADH?
Glycolysis
What are the four classes of lipids (long term energy storage)?
Phospholipids, steroids, triglycerides, eicosanoids
If an O2 molecule moves down the concentration gradient without using ATP, what type of transport is this?
passive - simple diffusion
An atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons. If it loses 1 electron, what has the atom become?
Cation (+)
A large molecule is broken down into smaller molecules, releasing energy. Is this anabolism or catabolism? Exergonic or endergonic?
Catabolism + exergonic
What is the scientific equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+ATP
A cell needs to make a protein. What is the process where DNA is copied into RNA?
Transcription
A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?
The cell will lose water and crenate
An atom has an atomic # of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many neutrons does it have?
8 neutrons
A substrate binds to an enzyme's active site and prevents the normal substrate from binding. Is this competitive or noncompetitive inhibition?
Competitive inhibition
If the input of the citric acid cycle is 2 acetyl-CoA, what is the output (3 things)?
6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
During this stage of mitosis, chromosome line up at the center of the cell before the sister chromatids separate.
Metaphase
Moving a K+ ion up the concentration gradient using ATP is what type of transport?
Primary active transport
Two atoms share electrons, but 1 atom attracts the electrons more strongly than the other (unequal). What type of bond is this?
Polar covalent bond
During a chemical reaction, an enzyme is added to speed up the reaction. What does this do to the activation energy?
Decreases activation energy
What is the only step of cellular respiration that uses oxidative phosphorylation?
Electron transport chain
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base
A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs (eats) a large bacterium. This is an example of what type of endocytosis?
Phagocytosis