Human Body
Define anatomy and physiology.
Anatomy: the study of structure
Physiology: the study of function
Define homeostasis.
Regulated variables kept within a certain range by control mechanisms
Plasma membrane characteristics:
- phospholipid bilayer
- provide flexible, structural support
- serve as transporters, enzymes, receptors & identity markers
- proteins customize membrane; act as gate
What are the different types of active transport?
Bulk transport, Primary Active, Secondary Active
What is simple diffusion?
Movement of a solute from high to low concentration
What are the different planes and how do they section the body?
Coronal (frontal): anterior and posterior
Midsagittal (median): left and right
Transverse: superior and inferior
Negative v. Positive feedback
negative: response counteracts the stimulus, working to shut off response loop
positive: response reinforces the stimulus, moving further away from homeostasis
Name the types of cell junctions and rank them from strongest to weakest.
Tight, Gap, and Desmosomes
How do primary active transport pumps function?
Breakdown ATP for energy and pump it against conc. gradient
What happens when blood cells are in a hypotonic solution?
The cells swell and lyse
What are the functions of the muscular system?
- allows manipulation of environment
- allows locomotion
- allows for facial expression
- helps maintain posture
- produces heat
What are examples of a negative feedback loop?
Body temp., blood glucose and blood pressure
What is the difference between cilia and microvilli?
Cilia: hair-like structures, found in respiratory tract and fallopian tubes
Microvilli: fingerlike structures, increase surface area for absorption in small intestine
What is an example of secondary active transport?
Na+/K+ pump
What is the osmolarity of a 2M solution of sucrose?
2 Osm
What cavities are in the dorsal body cavity? Ventral body cavity?
Dorsal: cranial and vertebral cavities
Ventral: thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
What are examples of a positive feedback loop?
Blood clotting and birthing process
The openings in the border of the nucleus are called ------------ and allow select substances to pass into or out of the nucleus
Nuclear pores
What type of bulk transport is referred to as "cell drinking" and is used to move smaller particles into the cell?
Pinocytosis
Facilitated Diffusion uses what kind of membrane proteins?
Channel-Mediated and Carrier-Mediated
Name the quadrants and the distinct organ(s) located in them.
RUQ: liver and gallbladder
RLQ: appendix
LUQ: stomach and spleen
LLQ: sigmoid colon
A negative feedback loop
What is translation, and where in the cell does it occur?
mRNA codes for building a functional protein
occurs in ribosomes
A coated vesicle results from what type of bulk transport process? What about a normal vesicle? Or a vacuole?
Exocytosis: receptor-mediated endocytosis; pinocytosis
Endocytosis: phagocytosis
What is the osmolarity of a 4M solution of MgCl2?
12 Osm