Chapter 1
What are the 6 classes of nutrients?
Macro- carbs, proteins, fats, water
Micro- vitamins, minerals
How many minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity are recommended for audlts in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?
150-300 min
What is the muscular contraction the propels food along the GI tract called?
peristalsis
What populations are at greatest risk for foodborne illness?
Pregnant women, infants and children and immunosuppressed individuals
Where does digestion begin?
Mouth
How many kcal per gram are in carbs, proteins, fats and alcohol?
Carbs- 4 kcal/g
Protein- 4 kcal/g
Fats- 9 kcal/g
Alcohol- 7 kcal/g
The term Daily Value (DV) is used on:
a. restaurant foods
b. food labels
c. medical charts
d. health claims
b. food labels
The lower esophageal sphincter is located between the:
esophagus and stomach
What is pastuerization?
Exposure of food to high temperatures for short periods of time to destroy harmful microorganisms.
P.S. It does not significantly change the nutritional value of foods!!!
What makes a nutrient considered 'essential'?
Cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health
How many pounds are in 1 kg?
2.2 lbs
Fresh apples provide 52 kcal in a 100-gram portion of food. Sweetened applesauce provides 68 kcal in a 100-gram portion of food. Which food item has the higher energy density?
Sweetened applesauce
small intestine
What is the temperature danger zone?
40-140 F
What is the standard drink sizes for beer, malt liquor, wine, and distilled spirits in ounces?
A standard drink is 12 fl oz of beer, 8 to 9 fl oz of malt liquor, 5 fl oz of wine, and 1.5 fl oz of distilled spirits (hard liquor)
What are the AMDR's for carbs, proteins and fats?
CHO- 45-65%
Fats- 20-35%
Protein- 10-35%
Penelope tracked her food and beverage intake for three days using NutritionCalc Plus. Her analysis showed an average intake of 1760 kcal and 42 grams of fat per day. According to her data, her usual dietary pattern provides approximately how many kcals from fat?
42 grams of fat×9 kcal/g=378 kcal from fat
378 kcal from fat÷1760 total kcal=0.21×100=21% of total kcal from fat
No digestion takes place in what part of the GI tract?
Large intestine
Substances used to lower the pH to preserve foods are:
a. smoke and irradiation
b. baking powder and baking soda
c. salt and sugar
d. vinegar and citric acid
d. vinegar and citric acid
Immediately after digestion in the small intestine, most dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed into the
a. urine
b. bile
c. lymph
d. blood
c. lymph
Which of the following nutrients can be broken down by human enzymes to yield energy?
a. vitamins
b. minerals
c. fiber
d. lipids
d. lipids
One cup of chocolate milk contains 15 grams of carbohydrates, 8 grams of fat, and 8 grams of protein. This cup of chocolate milk supplies _________blank kcal.
15 g carbohydrates×4 kcal/g=60 kcal from carbohydrates
8 g protein×4 kcal/g=32 kcal from protein
8 g fat×9 kcal/g=72 kcal from fat
60+32+72=164 kcal
What is the name of the diet used to improve symptoms for individuals with IBS?
FODMAP
What is the name of the list that makes up food additives which have been widely used for many years without any ill effects?
GRAS (generally recognized as safe)
List the top nine major allergens:
Wheat, milk, eggs, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, fin fish, shellfish, sesame