Earth/Ocean Composition
The deepest spot in the ocean is deeper than Mt. Everst is high.
True or False?
TRUE
This German meteorologist had an idea that the continents on Earth once fit together like pieces of a puzzle at one time. Who am I?
A) Ferdinand Magellan
B) Thor Heyerdahl
C) Alfred Wegener
D) Bjarni Herjo’lfsson
C) Alfred Wegener
What are turbidity currents and what do they do to submarine canyons?
A) Turbidity currents are marked by convergent boundaries, increases mud.
B) Turbidity currents are underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris, they tend to carve and shape the submarine canyons.
C) None of the above
B) Turbidity currents are underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris, they tend to carve and shape the submarine canyons.
Lithogenous sediments that are derived from land can also be called?
A. Terrain
B. Ocean
C. Atmosphere
D. Terrigenous
D. Terrigenous
The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called?
A) dilution
B) productivity
C) erosion
D) ecology
B) productivity
What is the average depth of the worlds oceans?
A) 1,442 meters
B) 2,874 meters
C) 1,200 meters
D) 3,682 meters
D) 3,682 meters
What did the german meteorologist call the “Large continent”? What did he call the “large ocean”?
A) Pangya,Panthalassa
B) Pangaea,Panthalassa
C) Pangaea,Province
B) Pangea, Panthalassa
Which of the following is not considered one of the three major ocean provinces?
a) mid-ocean ridge
b) shallow ocean basins
c) continental margins
d) deep-ocean basins
b) shallow ocean basins
The method that is used most frequently to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is?
A) Sound waves (seismic reflecting profiles)
B) satellites
C) drilling
D) light waves
A) Sound waves (seismic reflecting profiles)
Where is ocean floor the oldest? Where is ocean floor the youngest?
A. oldest at trenches; youngest at mid ocean ridge
B. oldest at mid ocean ridge; youngest at trenches
c. oldest in the middle; youngest at the edge
d. oldest in the north; young in the south
A. oldest at trenches; youngest at mid ocean ridge
The ocean floor is oldest the further away from the mid-ocean ridge it is and the closer it is to a subduction zone because that is where sea floor is destroyed. The ocean floor is the youngest at mid-ocean ridges because that is where new sea floor is created.
What are the 4 main disciplines of oceanography?
A) Geology, Chemistry, Physics and Biology.
B) Geography, Chemistry, Physics and Biology.
C) Geography, Chemistry, Astronomy and Biology.
D) Geology, Demography, Physics and Biology
A) Geology, Chemistry, Physics and Biology.
What is the name of Earth’s ancient sea?
A) Panthalassa
B) Nile
C) Styx
D) Tethys
D) Thethys
What is the difference between a seamount and a tablemount? What is another name for a tablemount?
A. A seamount is cone-shaped volcanic mountain with a rounded top while a tablemount has a flattened top. ; guyot
B. A tablemount is cone-shaped volcanic mountain with a rounded top while a seamount has a flattened top. ; fjord
C. both are cone-shaped volcanic mountain with a rounded top ; ring of fire
D. both are flattened tops ; Pangea
A. A seamount is cone-shaped volcanic mountain with a rounded top while a tablemount has a flattened top. ; guyot
Sediments found on continental margins are called?
A) neritic
B) oceanic
C) continental
D) estuarine
A) neritic
What percent of the Earth’s volcanic activity, each year, takes place on the sea floor?
A) 80%
B) 85%
C) 65%
D) 70%
B) 85%
How many layers does the chemical composition of Earth have?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
C. 3
Crust- Low density, mainly silicate minerals
Mantle- Mainly iron and magnesium silicate minerals
Core- High-Density, mainly iron and nickel
Why was Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift initially receive hostile criticism from the scientific community?
A) Because Alfred Wegener was not qualified
B) Because Alfred Wegener did not provide any evidence for his theory
C) Because his original theory went contrary to the laws of physics
D) Because his theory is ridiculous
C) Because his original theory went contrary to the laws of physics
What are the features of a passive continental margin as you move from the continent towards the ocean basin center?
A) continental rise, continental slope, continental shelf
B) continental shelf, continental slope, abyssal plain
C) trenches, abyssal plains, sea mounts
D) continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise
D) continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise
Which organisms contain calcium carbonate? Which organisms contain silica?
A) Radiolarians
B) diatoms
C) phosphorites
D) Foraminiferas
Calcium carbonate -
D) Foraminifera
Silica -
A)Radiolarians
An important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via? (i.e. what helps particles sink the fastest?)
A) wind
B) carbonate dissolution
C) fecal pellets
D) precipitation
C) fecal pellets
The Earth is layers due to differing densities of the elements that make up Earth. The highest density material is found near the (BLANK) , and the lowest density material is found near the (BLANK).
A) surface , center
B) center, surface
C) surface, surface
D) center, center
B) center, surface
What are the three kinds of plate boundaries?
A)divergent, convergent, transform
B) divergent, convergent, transition
C) convergent, transform, fracture
D) divergent, margin, transform
A)divergent, convergent, transform
What are the three types of hydrothermal vents and what makes each of them unique?
A. warm, cold, hot ; temperature
B. young, middle-aged, old; age
C. warm, white smokers, black smokers ; temperature and color
D. white smokers, black smokers, red smokers ; color
C. warm, white smokers, black smokers ; temperature and color
Warm water vents have temperatures below 30 degrees C, and produce water that is clear in color.
White smokers have temperatures between 30-350 degrees C, and
produce water that is white in color due to the presence of various light-colored
compounds.
Black smokers have temperatures above 350 degrees C, and produce water thatis black due to the presence of various dark colored sulfides.
Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with what characteristics?
A) low pressure, warm temps
B) low pressure, cold temps
C) low carbon dioxide, warm temps
D) Lots of carbon dioxide, cold temps
D) Lots of carbon dioxide, cold temps
What is the stage of coral reef development where coral is killed by active volcanoes lava flow?
A. barrier
B. fringing
c. atoll
B. fringing
Fringing reef - active volcano, coral growth builds close to shore, never grows much due to lava flow down a volcano
Barrier reef - volcano begins to sink, lagoon develops between volcano and reef, coral reef continues to build
Atoll - volcano sinks below sea level, coral builds up, lagoon is developed