Chapter 1
Which of the following is highest in a hierarchy of biological organization?
cell, ecosystem, community, tissue, population, organelle
Ecosystem
What is a covalent bond?
The sharing of a pair of valence electrons between two atoms.
Is water a polar solvent, polar solute, non polar solvent, or non polar solute?
Think about something dissolved in water and water's bonding properties.
Polar solvent
Which is the most electronegative?
C,N,O,F, Cl
F
Give an example of both quantitative data and qualitative data.
(anything number-based, ex. 86 albino penguins)
(anything non-number-based, ex. penguins with gray fins)
My cat bites my hand, so I spray her with water. What type of feedback mechanism does this describe?
Negative feedback
7
What is the pH of pure water?
7
The concentration of [H+] in a solution of aqueous acetic acid is 1.0 x 10-6. What is the pH of this solution?
6
Different isotopes of the same molecule differ in number of what?
Neutrons
What do Archaea and Bacteria have in common with each other that they do not share with Eukaryotes?
Strictly unicellular, no true nucleus, no membrane bound organelles
DAILY DOUBLE
Explain the difference between a polar covalent bond and a non polar covalent bond.
A polar covalent bond is the result of unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond due to differences in electronegativity.
Non polar covalent bonds result from equal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond.
How do you calculate the pH of a solution?
pH = -log[H+]
4-methyloctane and nonane are considered _____________ isomers.
Structural
Which of the following is not a requirement for all organisms? Or are all requirements?
Acquisition and use of matter and energy, order, ability to evolve, DNA, tissue made of cells, growth and development, reproduction, respond to stimuli, homeostasis.
Tissue made of cells
What are the 4 parts of the scientific method that we have discussed?
Observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion
Compare and contrast covalent bonds and ionic bonds.
Both are forms of bonding and involve interactions between atoms. However, ionic bonds involve the transfer of one or more electrons while covalent bonds involve the sharing of a pair (or pairs) of electrons.
DAILY DOUBLE
Explain the function of a buffer in a solution.
A buffer resists a change in pH. A buffer works best in a certain pH range and will act against any changes in pH caused by addition of acid or base.
All amino acids consist of an amino group and a carboxyl group. Come up to the board and draw one or both of these groups.
-COOH (carboxyl group)
-NH2 (amine group)
What is a (-PO4) group called?
What is an explanation of varying events based on a wide base of data?
Theory
Come up to the board, and draw the electron distribution diagrams for sodium and chloride ions that are connected by an ionic bond.
Na+ ion has 2 e- in first shell and 8 e- in valence shell
Cl- ion has 2 e- in first shell, 8 e- in second shell, and 8 e- in valence shell
Water has a high heat of vaporization compared to other molecules of similar molar mass. What drives this? Why?
Water molecules hydrogen bond to each other at such a high rate relative to other molecules of similar molar mass. More energy must be put in to break all of these intermolecular bonds to free water molecules.
Phospholipids typically contain hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails. Why do you think this is the case?
Hydrophilic head of phospholipids face the water, and hydrophobic tails of phospholipids face away from water.
L-alanine and D-alanine are considered what kind of isomers?
Enantiomers