Ch 1.1-1.2
In stage theories, development is
like climbing a staircase
The most consistent asset of resilient children is
a strong bond with a competent, caring adult
What is the placebo effect?
A researcher gives a depressed patient a sugar pill and the individual's depression begins to lift.
What is collectivism?
Cultural's that emphasis people stressing over group goals over individual ones.
Erik Erickson's stages of development are what kind of theory?
psychosocial
Theorists who emphasize plasticity believe that
development is open to change in response to influential experiences
Ivan Pavlov is known for what theory
classical conditioning
Willbrook
What socioeconomic class recognized in the United States encompasses people who are able to meet current expenses, plus plan for the future, but are not necessarily wealthy?
Middle class
The ultimate responsibility for the ethical integrity of research with children lies with the
investigator
Who developed the zone of proximal development?
Lev Vygotsky
What are the two main designs used in all research on human behavior?
Correlational & Experimental
Human's have 23 matching pairs of what?
chromosomes
Situational poverty is due to
lacking resources due to an extenuating circumstances
The independent variable is the one
the investigator expects to cause change in another variable
What are the four stages of Jean Piaget's theory?
sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations formal operations
What is ecological systems theory?
the view that the child is developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment
What causes Down syndrome?
a failure of the twenty-first pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis
What is coparenting?
mutually support each other's parenting behaviors
What is a double-blind study?
Neither the participants nor the researchers knew which participants received the new treatment.
Theorists who believe that children who are high or low in a characteristic will remain so at later ages typically stress the importance of
heredity
What is Social learning theory?
emphasizing modeling, also known as imitation or observational learning, as a powerful source of development
What is a major limitation of correlational studies?
researchers cannot make inferences about cause and effect
Which Western nation has the highest percentage of extremely poor children?
the United States
P=.05 really means that
there is only a 5% chance that the difference between the control group and the experimental group is due to chance factors