Money Talk
Although controversial, value of lives and health in terms of dollars is a necessary component for public health interventions.
True
True/False:
A word of mouth statement is considered a type of evidence.
True it is just very subjective.
Incidence rates are the total number of cases for a particular health issue.
False. Only new cases.
Inadequate training and turnover remain barrier for the public health field
True
Systematic reviews are similar to meta-analysis.
True
What are two perspectives an economic evaluation can have?
Individual, group, provider, government, the community, outside agencies.
Peer reviewers consider innovation and generalizability of the research publication.
True
What is the difference between health equity and health equality
Healthy equality means everyone gets an equal opportunity/access to health equity makes sure everyone is equipped with the right tools need to reach the same end goal.
Understand (the variables and problem), develop methods, identify factors (as well as confounding), determine interventions and disseminate interventions
What are the first 2 steps in the EBPH Framework Wheel
With Issue of Focus in mind...
Assess the Community Quantify the Issue
Calculate an ICER for the following:
A Rowan research group wants to run a program that can reach 120 students. The program costs $4,500 to run for 6 weeks.
$37.50 for each student.
Says ”Something should be done”
Type 1 Evidence
Three reasons why life expectancy has increased
Safe water, safe food, immunizations, sewage treatment, and injury prevention.
Why is evidence-based Public Health so important?
EBPH is important because it is built on epidemiologic, behavioral and policy research (trans disciplinary) showing size and scope of a public health issue and demonstrates what interventions are likely to be effective in addressing the problem.
What is the 3rd and 4th in the EBPH Framework?
3. Develop A Concise Issue Statement
4. Search & Summarize the Scientific Literature
Define CBA and how would it be calculated?
Cost Benefit Analysis. Total costs minus the benefits (from averted costs)
Shows how and under what contextual conditions the interventions were implemented and how they were received.
Type 3
From the class example, how did CA’s smoking program differ from the MO child safety seat initiative?
CA had a comprehensive program with taxation (100% compliance) and money going back to marketing smoking cessation. MO was having individuals report on other individuals - 50% compliance.
Name 3 reasons for Strategic Planning is necessary to have a successful program.
New diseases and treatments, population shifts, technology, Social/environmental conditions, Laws/rules/mandates
When is a Cost Minimization Analysis (CMA) used?
When the benefits are exactly identical and cost is just being compared.
”Can we do it for less”
Cost Utility Analysis. This compares the costs and benefits of a program, with benefits measured in health-related quality of life years (QALYs)
List 5 possible confounding variables that may skew results in the following example:
30 Rowan students participated in a 10 week study on weight loss. They were asked to track her meal and workouts in a journal. They did a pre test and post test. The results are showing that only 7 students lost weight but all 30 students report feeling healthier than ever.
False reporting
Time of year - winter vs. summer
Gaining Muscle
Time of day students were weighed
What is a “healthy weight” for individuals
What is capacity building? What would be an example of capacity building Rowan has done for tackling COVID-19 cases? An example of what else could be done?
intentional, coordinated and mission driven efforts aimed at strengthening management and governance in PH.
Having daily screenings, take out cafeteria, tests before coming back, vaccine center, masks in classes and open areas, etc.
List 3 reasons why economic evaluations are needed in Public Health
Economic tools and economic evaluation can help:
Analyze alternative financial incentives and behavioral health strategies, understand the impact of regulations, inform policies and set priorities, manage resources more effectively, establish program value
Rowan wants to start a smoking cessation program for students and staff. It will be in James hall for 12 weeks List 3 direct costs and 3 indirect costs this program might need
Direct - pen and paper for participants, snacks and water, booklets, hiring the director of the program, prizes/rewards,
Indirect - “renting” a room, students and staff to manage the program, researchers, Transportation