Psychology's Early History
The Research Enterprise in Psychology
Biological Basis of Behavior
100
Who established the first psychology research lab?
William Wundt, in 1879, established the first formal laboratory for research in psychology at the University of Leipzig.
100
What is the first step of the scientific method?
formulate a hypothesis
The first step in a scientific investigation is to translate a theory or an intuitive idea into a testable hypothesis.
100
The cells of the nervous system that do the work of receiving, integrating, and transmitting information are the neurons
Neurons
200
When was psychology considered a science?
The late 1800's
200
A correlation:
Exists when two variables are related to each other.
Looking at whether the two variables have a relationship.
Positive correlation- they tend to increase and decrease together.
Negative correlation- one tends to increase when the other decreases
200
The two most basic divisions of the nervous system are the...
A. Central Nervous System
B. Peripheral Nervous System
300
A psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s that points out that our mental processes influence how we behave and developed as a reaction to behaviorism?
Cognitive psychology
300
Researchers often use experimental groups and control groups to test results. This allows for the identification of the independent variable that affects some participants but not others.
What is an independent variable?
What is a control variable?
What is the difference between an experimental group and a control group?
Independent variable: A condition or event that an experimenter manipulates in order to see its impact on another variable.
Dependent variable: The variable that is thought to be affected by the manipulation of the independent variable. It is usually a measurement of some aspect of the subjects’ behavior.
The experimental group consists of the subjects who receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. The control group consists of similar subjects who do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group.
300
The largest and most complex part of the human brain described as, "the seat of complex thought" is...
The cerebrum
400
Who are the important names of the following branches of psychology (discussed in class):
a. Psychoanalysis
b. Behaviorism
c. Humanism
d. Positive psychology
a. Sigmund Freud
b. B.F. Skinner and John Watson
c. Carl Rogers
d. Martin Seligman
400
What are the different types of non-experimental designs we discussed in class?
Case studies
Naturalistic observation
Surveys
400
What neurotransmitter are monoamines?
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
500
Miguel is a graduate student studying the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders. Which branch of psychology is this?
Clinical psychology
500
Im interested in how sleep effects test performance. I randomize participants to two groups:
Group 1. Follows their normal sleep routine.
Group 2. Is kept awake for 24 hours.
The next morning both groups are given an exam for material that they have previously learned.
Identify:
IV
DV
Control group
Experimental group
IV: amount of sleep
DV: test performance
Control group: follows normal sleep routine
Experimental group: kept awake for 24hours
500
Two ways communication happens in the central nervous system?
1. electrically via action potentials
2. chemically via neurotransmitters