Chapter 1/2
Evolution/Chem
Evolution/Chem
_____ use photosynthesis to convert inorganic molecules into biological molecules, using light energy.
What is producers?
____ ____: the random movement of atoms and molecules; can be measured in temperature.
What is thermal energy?
What bases pair with each other in DNA? RNA?
A<->T (DNA)
A<->U (RNA)
C<->G (DNA+RNA)
The nucleus contains most of a cell's DNA. Inside the nucleus is the nucleolus, whose function is...
What is Ribosome Synthesis?
What term is described as "Cellular Eating"?
What is Phagocytosis?
All life is connected by a "family tree" of species relationships. What is this "family tree" called?
What is phylogeny?
_____: When different types of molecules stick together.
What is Adhesion?
What does it mean to "denature" a protein?
Denaturing a protein leads to inactivation and cessation of the proteins function.
Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells. What are the folds of the inner membrane called?
What is Cristae?
______: the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is Osmosis?
Atoms are made of three types of ______ ______ with varying charges and masses.
What is subatomic particles?
_____: Organic compounds composed of long chains of carbon and hydrogen.
What is Hydrocarbons?
What are some functions that proteins have in the human body? (Name 2+)
Enzymes, Antibodies, Storage Proteins, Membrane Transporters, Structural Proteins, Cell Receptors
Golgi Apparatus: stacks of flat sacs called ______ in which products of the ER are processed and then sent to other organelles or out of the cell.
What is Cristernae?
Can CO2 and O2 pass easily though the phospholipid bilayer? Or do they require a channel protein?
Small molecules like CO2 or O2 can pass easily through the bilayer.
When electrons are shared equally between two atoms, what is this called?
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
What makes water less dense as a solid than a liquid?
What is Hydrogen Bonding?
When amino acid monomers are linked together, what type of bond do they form? What is created after repeating the process multiple times?
What is a peptide bond/polypeptide?
What enzymes fill the inside of lysosomes?
What is hydrolytic enzymes?
______ brings macromolecules/particles into the cell while _______ releases material from the cell.
What is Endocytosis/Exocytosis?
Which of the following elements has a full valence shell?
Beryllium, Phosphorus, Helium, Fluorine
What is Helium?
What is a Cis/trans isomer?
The rearrangement of atoms around a double bond.
(Cis = same side, Trans = Opposite side)
Name the 4 types of protein structure and give a simple definition.
Primary: Sequence of Amino Acids
Secondary: Coiling/Folding
Tertiary: 3D Polypeptide
Quaternary: Multiple proteins working together
What do the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum do?
Smooth ER: Synthesizes lipids and processes toxins
Rough ER: Produces/modifies proteins via the ribosomes on its surface
Phospholipid bilayers are said to be amphipathic. What does this mean?
They have both polar (hydrophilic) and nonpolar (hydrophobic) regions.