Criminology and Crime
This is the scientific study of the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.
What is criminology? p. 4
Serious crimes collected in the UCR including murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson...
What are part I crimes? p. 32
The study of the victim's role in criminal events.
What is victimology? p. 66
Classical criminology, the theory that suggests that people choose to commit crime and that crime can be controlled if potential criminals fear punishment, was created in the 1700s by...
Who is Cesare Beccaria? p. 9
Created in 1982, this program collects data on each incident and arrests involving 49 specific offenses, including incident, victim, and offender information.
What is the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)? p. 35
This idea posits that victims of crime, especially victims of childhood abuse, are more likely to commit crimes themselves.
What is the cycle of violence? p. 71
The shift from a mechanical society to a more organic society results in norm or role confusion, also known as...
What is anomie? p. 11
This small group of persistent offenders tends to account for a majority of crimes.
What is the chronic offender/career criminal? p. 55
This theory posits that victims may initiate, either actively or passively, the confrontation that leads to their victimization.
What is the victim precipitation theory? p. 79
The view of crime that criminal behavior is defined by those in power to protect and advance their own self-interest...
What is the conflict view of crime? p. 15
These policies were the result of chronic offenders and have also impacted the prison population as they require offenders to serve life in prison after they are convicted of a third felony.
What are three strikes laws? p. 56
Women are much more likely to be victimized by people they know or live with, approximately __ of women described the offender as someone they knew or were related to.
What is two thirds? p. 73
This early form of law written in 1200 BCE includes the Ten Commandments and is the foundation of the U.S. legal system.
What is the Mosaic Code? p. 17
This theory proposes that, as the size of the black population increases, the perceived threat to the white population increases and results in a greater amount of social control imposed on African American people.
What is the racial threat hypothesis? p. 52
The routine activities theory posits that victimization results from the interaction of three everyday factors: ________, ________, and _______.
What are the availability of suitable targets, the absence of capable guardians, and the presence of motivated offenders? p. 82