Cerebrovascular System
This part of the cerebrovascular system provides redundancy in blood supply, which protects against the detrimental effects of obstruction
Circle of Willis
This type of aphasia results from damage to the arcuate fasciulus
Deficit in motor planning & programming
Define dysarthria
A class of motor speech disorders associated with weakness, paralysis, or discoordination of the speech musculature
Deterioration of the myelin sheath is most closely associated with which neurological disorder?
Multiple sclerosis
Visual deficits are likely to result from occlusion in this cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
This type of aphasia involves damage to the subcortex, among other areas, and is generally always severe
Global aphasia
What are the two types of apraxia of speech?
1. Acquired apraxia of speech
2. Childhood apraxia of speech
Which dysarthria is associated with damage to the cerebellum?
Ataxic dysarthria
Damage to which subcortical structure is most closely associated with Parkinson's disease?
Basal ganglia, leading to decreased dopamine production
Occlusions of this cerebral artery are most common
Middle cerebral artery
Describe the symptoms associated with Wernicke's aphasia
Impaired comprehension, impaired self-monitoring of speech, speaking in long utterances without meaning
How does apraxia of speech affect comprehension?
Comprehension is generally intact
Reflex inhibition is impaired with this type of dysarthria, making some volitional speech movements difficult
Spastic dysarthria
Bell's palsy is associated with dysfunction of which cranial nerve?
CN VII facial
Define an aneurysm and explain the two ways it may lead to brain damage
An aneurysm is a dilation or ballooning of a blood vessel due to weak walls.
Brain damage may result from the pressure exerted against brain tissue with ballooning or from the release of blood into the cranial cavity during rupture.
Broca's area is near the motor strip
1. Phoneme substitutions
2. Vowel distortions
3. Tone, stress, and rhythm errors
(AND THEY'RE INCONSISTENT!)
Which dysarthria is associated with Huntington's disease?
Hyperkinetic dysarthria
Locked-in syndrome is associated with a stroke in this part of the central nervous system associated with essential life functions.
Brainstem
What parts of the brain receive blood via the anterior cerebral artery?
Medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes, corpus callosum, basal ganglia, and anterior part of the internal capsule
Halting, effortful speech with omitted function words are symptoms associated with what type of aphasia?
Broca's aphasia
Damage to which part(s) of the brain are associated with each type of apraxia of speech?
AOS: Insula
CAS: None!
Describe flaccid dysarthria, including the locus of impairment in the central nervous system.
Flaccid dysarthria is associated with lower motor neuron damage, which results in low muscle tone, weakness, and reduced/absent reflexive responses