Information Systems in Business
What are four major components of an information system?
Data
Database
Process
Information
_______________ is the heart of a computer. It is divided into two components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the control unit.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
____________ involves how information appears to users and how it can be organized and retrieved.
logical view
___________refers to the grouping into a class of various objects along with their attributes and methods—meaning, grouping related items into a single unit. This helps handle more complex types of data, such as images and graphs.
Encapsulation
What are three differences between computer literacy and information literacy?
Computer literacy is skill in using productivity software, such as word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation software, as well as having a basic knowledge of hardware and software, the Internet, and collaboration tools and technologies. Information literacy, on the other hand, is understanding the role of information in generating and using business intelligence.
_______performs arithmetic operations (+, –, *, /) as well as comparison or relational operations (<, >, =); the latter are used to compare numbers.
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
______________ involves how data is stored on and retrieved from storage media, such as hard disks, magnetic tapes, or CDs.
physical view
A ___________ is a collection of data from a variety of sources used to support decision-making applications and generate business intelligence.
data warehouse
What are two applications of transaction-processing systems?
ATM, payroll processing, and inventory systems are just a few examples.
An _______ is capable of representing information from a computer. The form of this output might be visual, audio, or digital; examples include printers, display monitors, and plotters.
output device
_________the relationships among records form a treelike structure (hierarchy).
hierarchical model
________ refers to the processes used in a data warehouse. It includes extracting data from outside sources, transforming it to fit operational needs, and loading it into the end target (database or data warehouse
Extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL)
Identify the 5 forces by Micheal Porter's to analyze an organization:
What is the difference between application software and system software?
Application software is used to perform specialized tasks. Microsoft Excel, for example, is used for spreadsheet analyses and number-crunching tasks
Systems software works in the background and takes care of housekeeping tasks, such as deleting files that are no longer needed. For example, system software such as Microsoft Windows is the operating system for most PCs.
In a relational database, every record must be uniquely identified by a ______________.
a primary key
What are the “5 Vs” of big data?
Volume, variety, velocity, veracity, and value.
Identify ways organizations can use technology to gain a competitive advantage.
Helping in reducing cost of operations
Delivering timely and accurate information
Providing business intelligence
Define a computer and its main components.
A computer is a machine that accepts data as input, processes data without human intervention by using stored instructions, and outputs information. A computer system consists of hardware and software. Hardware components are physical devices, such as keyboards, monitors, and processing units. The software component consists of programs written in computer languages.
_____________ a data manipulation language used to add, delete, modify, and retrieve records from a database.
SQL
What are five components of a DBMS?
DBMS software includes these components:
Database engine
Data definition
Data manipulation
Application generation
Data administration