Antenatal Testing & Fetal Surveillance
his maternal serum screening panel (AFP, hCG, estriol, inhibin-A) is drawn in the second trimester to screen for chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defects.
What is the Quad Screen?
Severe cramping, heavy bleeding, and tissue passage in the first trimester are warning signs of this.
What is (a possible) miscarriage/spontaneous abortion?
Vaginal bleeding with a closed cervix and a viable pregnancy in the first trimester on ultrasound describes this condition, generally managed with pelvic rest and monitoring with US and bloodwork (HCG).
What is a threatened miscarriage/abortion?
This common symptom of respiratory function in the third trimester is caused by the diaphragm being pushed upward by the growing uterus, though tidal volume actually increases.
What is SOB or dyspnea
These irregular, painless (or mildly uncomfortable) contractions that do not cause cervical change are sometimes called "practice contractions."
What are Braxton Hicks contractions?
Before this procedure, patients should be counseled to have an empty bladder, educations about the small risk of miscarriage, leakage of fluid, and the need to report fever, contractions, or bleeding afterward.
What is amniocentesis?
This third-trimester bleeding presents as painless, bright red vaginal bleeding.
What is placenta previa
Sudden unilateral pelvic pain with bleeding and a positive pregnancy test should raise concern for this life-threatening condition, often managed with methotrexate or surgery.
What is ectopic pregnancy?
This common adaptation of the renal system in a pregnant patient places her more at risk for development of UTIs
What is hydronephrosis
This measurement, taken from the pubic symphysis to the top of the uterus, roughly correlates in centimeters with weeks of gestation starting at the umbilicus at 20 weeks.
What is fundal height?
What are the five components scored in a Biophysical Profile
fetal breathing, gross body movement, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume, and NST
Cocaine use, hypertension, trauma, and smoking are all risk factors for this condition, where the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery.
What is placental abruption?
Abnormally high hCG, absence of fetal heart tones, and a "snowstorm" pattern on ultrasound are classic for this condition.
What is a molar pregnancy (hydatidiform mole)?
This is the generally recommended total weight gain range for a patient with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI.
What is 25–35 pounds?
his maternal positioning improves uteroplacental blood flow by relieving pressure on the inferior vena cava.
What is (left) lateral/side-lying position?
In this interpretation of a Contraction Stress Test, late decelerations occur with 50% or more of contractions.
What is a positive CST?
This third-trimester bleeding presents as painful vaginal bleeding with a rigid, tender abdomen.
What is placental abruption
Painless cervical dilation in the second trimester, often treated with a cerclage, describes this condition.
What is cervical insufficiency?
Plasma volume increases more than red blood cell mass in pregnancy, producing this hemodilutional condition.
What is physiologic anemia of pregnancy?
This theory describes predictable stages families move through (e.g., Duvall's 8 stages), such as childbearing and launching children.
What is Developmental Family Theory?
This is the first-line intervention when a patient reports absent fetal movement for 12 or more hours.
What is immediate evaluation with US
List 3 Risk factors for placenta previa
Previous cesarean birth, AMA, multiparity, history of prior suction curettage, smoking, living at a higher altitude, Asian race, pregnancy with male fetus (larger placentas), multiple gestation
This surgical intervention is the first line management for cervical insufficiency
What is a cerclage?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: Cardiac output increases by roughly this percentage during pregnancy, due to increased heart rate and stroke volume.
What is 30 - 50%
- Double points if you know how much the HR increases by...
Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV are routinely screened for at this point in pregnancy
What is the first prenatal visit or first trimester?