Foundations of Psychology
Who is considered the “father of psychology” for founding the first psychology lab in 1879?
Wilhelm Wundt
A detailed observation of one individual or a small group is called a ______.
Case study
Before participating in a study, participants must be told what to expect and agree to take part. What is this called?
Informed Consent
What is the brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron called?
Action potential
Which part of the brain is often called the “thinking” part, because it’s responsible for higher mental processes?
Cerebral Cortex
Which perspective in psychology emphasizes unconscious drives and early childhood experiences?
Psychodynamic (Freud)
What kind of research method involves observing behavior in its natural setting without interference?
Naturalistic Observation
Which famous unethical study failed to treat African American men for syphilis so researchers could observe the progression of the disease?
The Tuskegee Study
During an action potential, what happens when positive ions rush into the neuron?
Depolarization
Which brain structure helps coordinate balance and movement?
Cerebellum
Which field of psychology studies how people think, perceive, and remember information?
Cognitive Psychology
What is the main difference between a correlation study and an experiment?
Experiments manipulate variables to determine cause and effect, while correlation does not
What term describes when results are consistent if a study is repeated?
Reliability
The chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between neurons are called _________
Neurotransmitters
Which lobe of the brain processes visual information?
Occipital Lobe
Which psychological perspective focuses on how behavior is shaped by consequences like rewards and punishments?
Behaviorism
What is it called when participants are randomly assigned to groups to make sure each group is similar at the start of an experiment?
Random Assignment
What APA ethical principle focuses on being honest and transparent in reporting research?
Integrity
What is the difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters?
Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the likelihood of firing; inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease it
Which lobe of the brain is most involved in hearing and language comprehension?
Temporal Lobe
Psychology is often defined as the scientific study of ______ and ______.
Behavior & Mental Processes
In research, a statement that predicts the relationship between variables is called a ______.
Hypothesis
Researchers must balance benefits and harms in their studies. This principle is called ______.
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
What is the “all-or-none” principle of action potentials?
A neuron either fires completely or not at all
Which part of the brain is responsible for higher-order thinking like planning, decision-making, and self-control?
Frontal Lobes