Speakers and Audiences
Information and Knowledge
Organization and Delivery
Argumentation
Argument Strategies
100
When Hilary Clinton spoke at the last Democratic debate, she kept reminding herself of all the people that may come in contact with her message, including people attending the debate people watching the debate on TV, and people seeing clips of the debate on their local news channels. She is considering this type of audience.
What is literal audience
100
If an audience perceives a speaker to be credible based on his/her speech, integration of research, and confidence in delivery, the speaker has this type of credibility.
What is achieved credibility
100
This type of speech preparation involves preparing and then memorizing the entire speech
What is speaking from memory
100
This is something you would like to prove or get another person to agree with. It must be supported by evidence.
What is a claim
100
During the last GOP debate, Marco Rubio spent much of his time attacking Donald Trump. Some praised him for finally doing so, but one downfall to this argument strategy is that he spent very little time informing viewers of his own political ideas.
What is strawperson
200
When Hilary Clinton spoke at the last Democratic debate, she kept reminding herself of the people she really intends to persuade. She really wants focus on certain voters like women and young people. She is considering this type of audience
What is target audience
200
If an audience perceives a speaker to be credible based on their first impressions of the speaker (background information, how the speaker is introduced, how the speaker is dressed, etc.) the speaker has this type of credibility.
What is initial credibility
200
This type of speech preparation involves writing out the entire text of the speech and reading it to the audience. This technique is used often in presidential addresses.
What is speaking from manuscript
200
This includes expert opinion or statistics. It is used to support a claim.
What is evidence
200
This argument strategy relies on poetic, descriptive language to make information presented more interesting.
What is vivid description
300
While preparing for the last Democratic debate, Hilary Clinton reminded herself of her overall goal (to win the Democratic nomination) and thought of strategies to achieve that goal. What could she say? What examples could she use? How might she attack the opposition? She is considering this type of audience.
What is rhetorical audience
300
This is the raw information you collect while putting together a speech. It may include facts, statistics, and quotations.
What is information
300
This type of speech preparation involves relying on limited notes that only provide key words and phrases. The speech is not memorized, but is well-practiced. This is the type of speech you (hopefully) deliver in Commun 103.
What is extemporaneous speaking
300
This is the process of making good arguments supported by good grounds. In other words, it is the explanation of the fusion of claim and evidence.
What is reason
300
This argument strategy involves the speaker attacking the opposition's character, without spending much time on the actual issue being discussed.
What is strawperson
400
This is the process of thinking about the beliefs, values, experiences, and motivations that characterize your audience to focus your speech to your specific audience.
What is audience analysis
400
This is the outcome of making information more accessible to your audience. You might take an extra step and explain how your audience should understand a percentage.
What is knowledge
400
This type of speech preparation involves little preparation. You speak from the top of your head.
What is impromptu speaking
400
The following are potential outcomes of using ______ to change someone's mind: 1. Evidence speaks for itself 2. It is possible to work through differences in opinion 3. Your audience will feel as though they came to the conclusion on their own
What is reason
400
If something is true in one unlikely instance, it should be true in all common instances. At least that's the logic this argument strategy relies on.
What is a fortiori
500
This audience type is mostly considered during the planning process of a speech
What is a rhetorical audience
500
In his speech about the university renovating classrooms, James helps his audience understand the cost by stating, "This active learning classrooms will cost $1.8 million, which is about the average yearly salary of 36 adults in the US." This is an example of this process.
What is turning information into knowledge
500
This is a statement of the main point you want to express in your speech. It is usually found in the introduction.
What is the thesis
500
The following are potential outcomes of using ______ to change someone's mind: 1. Audience will become defensive 2. Audience listens for where you are wrong 3. Audience is motivated to not let you win
What is force
500
I might use this argument strategy when trying to help my audience understand something complex by offering a real human example, like a narrative.
What is personification
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