Intro to Biology
What's the major takeaway from the article:
"Farmers Switch Course in Battle Against Weeds"
This article discussed points about herbicides and herbicide-resistant crops.
Name and define all of water's properties.
Cohesion, Adhesion, Surface Tension, Capillary Action, Principle Solvent, High Specific Heat, High heat of vaporization, Ice is less dense than water.
What are the Levels of protein synthesis? Define and illustrate them.
Primary: a.a sequence
Secondary: a-helix and b-pleated sheet
Tertiary: 3D structure of each INDIVIDUAL polypeptide chain
Quaternary: the overall structure (shape) of a complete protein: formed by interactions between 2 or more polypeptide chains
Illustrate and label a mitochondrion. Define the functions within its parts.
1. Double Membrane
2. Inner Membrane
3. Cristae (folds within the inner membrane)
4. Matrix
5. DNA (in a circular loop/circular chromosome)
Necessary for Cellular Respiration
Where is the ECM found?
Animals cells, not plant cells.
Identify the differences between Horseweed and Pigweed. What do they combat against?
Horseweed: genetically modified to survive Roundup
Pigweed: resistant to RoundUp, Dicamba, and 2,4-D
What's the difference between a solute and a solvent? Is water a solvent or a solute?
Solvent: dissolver (Water)
Solute: dissolves
Describes what happens in saturated and unsaturated fats during Van Der Waals interactions? Why?
Sat: More Van Der waals interactions because fatty acids are straight and closely aligned together
Unsat: Less Van Der Waals interactions because fatty acids are not aligned closely.
What are the components of a cytoskeleton? Name and define its function.
1. Made of proteins, strength, structure, cell division, & movement
- Microtubules: globular protein units that quickly assemble and dissemble protein fiber. Movement.
- Microfilaments: globular protein units that quickly assemble and dissemble protein fiber. Movement.
- Intermediate filaments: made of fibrous protein subunits. Structure.
Define aerobic and anaerobic. Which produces more ATP?
Aerobic: Oxygen
Anaerobic: lacking oxygen
Aerobic produces more ATP.
What's the problem with bacterial resistance? Name a few reasons why this is a problem.
Bacterial resistance is a common problem because as bacteria replicate and evolve, we have less defense against them.
Explain all the compoents within a pH scale. What is an acid? What is a base? What is the mathematical concept within them?
Acid: substances that dissociate in a solv. to yield H+ ions
Base: Yields OH- ions
Amino group, Unique side chain (R), and Carboxyl group
Supporting the Endosymbiotic Theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts have a _________ membrane.
double
Reproduction of chloroplasts and mitochondria occurs via
Binary fission, similar to prokaryotes
Explain the key concepts within the bionomial System of Nomenclature. How do you name a species?
Genus: Uppercase: closely related species.
Species: Lowercase
What is another name for an acid? What is another name for a base?
Acid: Proton donors
Base: Proton acceptors
Draw and label the parts of a nucleic acid.
Nitrogenous base, Phosphate, sugar
Contrast Endo and exocystosis
Endo: In
Exo: Exit (Out)
"-ase" refers to
Enzymes
What are the taxonomic classifications in order from MOST inclusive to LEAST inclusive? (Hint: Memory trick)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
"Did King Philip Come Over For Good Soup?"
DKPCOFGS
Orbital
holds up to 2 electrons (first)
If the hydrogen bonds in a protein molecule were disturbed, which level of structure would be most affected?
Explain the endosymbiotic theory? What's the big idea?
Involves the evolution of Eukaryotic cells.
Big Idea: Organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, were not organelles but evolved from Prokaryotes.
Binary fisson