Hepatitis
What is the most effective prevention method for Hepatitis A?
Handwashing and Hep A vaccine
What are two common causes of cirrhosis in the U.S.?
Hepatitis C & alcohol abuse
What are the two most common causes of pancreatitis?
Gallstones & alcohol
What is the definition of cholelithiasis?
Gallstones
What position helps relieve dyspnea in cirrhosis with ascites?
Semi-Fowler’s
Which types of hepatitis have vaccines available?
Hepatitis A & B
Which lab findings are expected in cirrhosis (2 examples)?
Increased bilirubin, prolonged PT/INR, decreased albumin
What classic symptom describes pancreatitis pain?
Severe LUQ pain radiating to back, worse when supine
Name two risk factors for gallstones.
Female, >40, obesity, contraceptive use
What kind of diet is recommended for hepatitis patients?
High-calorie, high-carb, low-fat, small frequent meals
What is the major complication of chronic Hepatitis C?
Cirrhosis and liver cance
What are three major complications of cirrhosis?
Variceal bleeding, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy
What do Cullen’s sign and Grey Turner’s sign indicate?
Cullen’s = periumbilical bruising; Grey Turner’s = flank bruising
When do gallbladder attacks typically occur?
3–6 hrs after high-fat meals or at night
Why are high-carbohydrate meals recommended in pancreatitis recovery?
Carbs are less stimulating to pancreatic secretions
Describe the three phases of acute viral hepatitis.
Incubation: Malaise, anorexia, RUQ pain.
Icteric: Jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stools
Convalescent: Malaise, hepatomegaly persists
What dietary restriction is important for ascites/edema?
Sodium restriction (2 g/day or less)
Which lab tests are most specific for pancreatitis?
Amylase & Lipase (lipase more specific
What is the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones?
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, what should the nurse teach about diet?
Low-fat diet, gradual reintroduction of normal foods
What nursing interventions help manage fatigue in hepatitis patients?
Rest periods, gradual activity increase
Why is protein sometimes restricted in cirrhosis with encephalopathy?
Protein → ammonia → worsens encephalopathy
Why is a patient kept NPO during acute pancreatitis?
To rest the pancreas and reduce enzyme stimulation
What is a major complication of untreated cholecystitis?
Gangrene, perforation, pancreatitis
What dietary advice should be given to a cirrhosis patient with ascites?
Low-sodium, high-calorie, moderate protein diet