Measuring Exercise Intensity & Response
Difference between oxygen uptake and oxygen demand during exercise
What is O2 deficit
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
What is Mitochondria
enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of ATP
What is ATPase
The total amount of energy expended in one day.
Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)
Study of energy transfer in living organisms
What is Bioenergetics
Measurement of metabolism determined by the quantity of heat released from the body
What is Calorimetry
Primary source of lipids used for energy production; broken down from stored triglycerides in muscle or adipose tissue.
What is Free fatty acid
An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue; the phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly
What is Phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate)
Energy used to eat, digest, and metabolize foods and beverages
What is Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that contributes to daily energy expenditure
What is Physical activity
Direct measurement of heat dissipated from an individual; measured in an insulated chamber
What is Direct calorimetry
rate limiting enzyme of the phosphagen system
What is Creatine kinase
Three-carbon compound that forms as an end product of glycolysis; enters Krebs cycle in the presence of oxygen
What is Pyruvate
Energy expended doing everyday activities not related to exercise
What is Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
biological catalysts that enhance the rate of chemical reactions
What are Enzymes
Method of estimating energy expenditure by measuring respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
What is Indirect calorimetry
A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvate or lactate and release energy for the body in the form of ATP
What is Glycolysis
A 3-carbon compound produced from pyruvate during anaerobic metabolism
What is Lactate
A practical way do describe exercise intensity; assumes the body uses 3.5 mL of oxygen per kg body weight per minute at rest
What is Metabolic Equivalent (MET)
A reaction in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another (either gained or lost); always occur together
What is Oxidation-reduction reaction
Represents the total amount of oxygen consumed relative to body weight (expressed in ml/kg/min)
What is Relative V02
Metabolic process that completes the oxidation of pyruvate formed from glycolysis yielding ATP, CO2, FADH, NADH
What is Krebs cycle
rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis
What is Phosphofructokinase
Ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide produced (expired) relative to oxygen consumed; can be used to determine fuel being used during metabolism
What is Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)
enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate (phosphate+hydrogen) to an acceptor.
What is Phosphorylase