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1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating ovulation?
a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
d. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
c. LH → LH surge triggers ovulation.
6. A pregnant patient in her first trimester complains of nausea and vomiting. Which teaching is most appropriate?
a. “Eat three large meals daily to prevent hypoglycemia.”
b. “Take fluids with meals rather than in between.”
c. “Eat dry crackers or toast before getting out of bed.”
d. “Avoid eating protein in the morning.”
c. Crackers before rising → Helps reduce morning nausea.
12. A woman with preeclampsia suddenly develops seizures. The priority nursing action is:
a. Administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask
b. Call the rapid response team
c. Place the patient in a side-lying position and protect the airway
d. Give hydralazine IV
c. Side-lying & airway protection → Safety first during seizure; oxygen/hydralazine may follow.
Which of the following is a probable sign of pregnancy?
a. Amenorrhea
b. Hegar’s sign
c. Nausea and vomiting
d. Breast tenderness
b. Hegar’s sign → Probable sign (objective but not conclusive).
Which hormone is detected in maternal blood and urine and forms the basis of pregnancy tests?
a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. hCG
d. Relaxin
c. hCG → Detected in urine and blood, basis of pregnancy tests.
2. A nurse is explaining the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle. Which statement is most accurate?
a. “It triggers the release of the ovum from the follicle.”
b. “It maintains the endometrial lining for implantation.”
c. “It stimulates the development of ovarian follicles.”
d. “It causes the shedding of the uterine lining during menstruation.”
b. Maintains the endometrial lining → Progesterone supports implantation and pregnancy.
7. A nurse is educating a client about weight gain during pregnancy. Which statement indicates understanding?
a. “I should gain about 25–35 pounds if I start pregnancy at a healthy weight.”
b. “Since I am overweight, I should gain at least 35–40 pounds.”
c. “Weight gain doesn’t matter as long as I eat healthy foods.”
d. “Most weight gain should happen in the first trimester.”
a. 25–35 lbs → Normal BMI = recommended weight gain.
13. Which medication is most commonly used to prevent seizures in preeclampsia/eclampsia?
a. Hydralazine
b. Methyldopa
c. Magnesium sulfate
d. Labetalol
c. Magnesium sulfate → Gold standard to prevent/control seizures.
Which of the following is considered a positive sign of pregnancy?
a. Fetal movement felt by mother
b. Enlargement of abdomen
c. Visualization of fetus on ultrasound
d. Breast changes
c. Visualization on ultrasound → Positive = confirmed.
Human placental lactogen (hPL) contributes to which pregnancy change?
a. Promotes uterine relaxation
b. Maintains corpus luteum function
c. Increases maternal insulin resistance to provide glucose for the fetus
d. Stimulates ovulation
c. Increases insulin resistance → hPL makes glucose more available to fetus.
3. The placenta serves several important functions. Which of the following is a hormonal function of the placenta?
a. Gas exchange between mother and fetus
b. Production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
c. Waste removal from fetal blood
d. Nutrient transport
b. hCG production → Placenta produces hormones; gas/waste/nutrient exchange are transport functions.
8. A woman’s last menstrual period (LMP) was September 10. Using Naegele’s rule, her estimated date of delivery (EDD) is:
a. June 3
b. June 17
c. July 3
d. July 17
b. June 17 → Add 7 days to Sept 10 → Sept 17, then subtract 3 months → June 17.
14. A patient with HELLP syndrome is at greatest risk for which complication?
a. Postpartum depression
b. Seizures
c. Liver rupture and bleeding
d. Gestational diabetes
c. Liver rupture and bleeding → HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets) → risk of bleeding and liver rupture.
A nurse is teaching about progesterone. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding?
a. “Progesterone causes the follicle to mature.”
b. “Progesterone prepares the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum.”
c. “Progesterone causes ovulation.”
d. “Progesterone stimulates milk production after birth.”
b. Prepares uterus → Progesterone maintains endometrium for implantation
Which are functions of estrogen during pregnancy? (Select all that apply)
a. Stimulates uterine growth
b. Increases uterine blood flow
c. Promotes breast tissue enlargement
d. Maintains endometrium in early pregnancy
e. Prepares the cervix for dilation
a, b, c → Estrogen promotes uterine growth, blood flow, breast changes. Progesterone maintains endometrium.
4. Which placental hormone is responsible for relaxing smooth muscles and preventing uterine contractions during pregnancy?
a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. Relaxin
d. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
c. Relaxin → Relaxes smooth muscle, prevents contractions, softens cervix.
9. A woman who has had 2 full-term births, 1 preterm birth, 2 abortions, and 3 living children would have which GTPAL documentation?
a. G5 T2 P1 A2 L3
b. G6 T2 P1 A2 L3
c. G5 T3 P1 A2 L3
d. G6 T3 P0 A2 L3
b. G6 T2 P1 A2 L3 → 6 pregnancies, 2 term, 1 preterm, 2 abortions, 3 living.
The nurse is teaching about the menstrual cycle. Which phase involves shedding of the endometrium?
a. Proliferative phase
b. Secretory phase
c. Ischemic phase
d. Menstrual phase
d. Menstrual phase → Endometrium is shed.
Which statement best describes the function of the amniotic fluid?
a. Provides maternal nutrients directly to the fetus
b. Maintains constant temperature and cushions the fetus
c. Produces hormones that sustain pregnancy
d. Promotes gas exchange between mother and fetus
b. Maintains temp & cushions → Amniotic fluid provides protection, movement, thermal regulation.
A nurse is reviewing the role of relaxin. Which statement is accurate?
a. “Relaxin helps prevent uterine contractions during pregnancy.”
b. “Relaxin stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone.”
c. “Relaxin maintains endometrial stability for implantation.”
d. “Relaxin increases glucose availability for the fetus.”
a. Prevents contractions → Relaxin relaxes smooth muscle and softens cervix.
5. Which of the following is a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
a. Positive urine pregnancy test
b. Chadwick’s sign
c. Quickening
d. Fetal heartbeat detected by Doppler
c. Quickening → Presumptive = subjective symptoms (felt by the mother).
11. A woman at 32 weeks presents with blood pressure of 150/95, proteinuria, and complaints of headache and blurred vision. The nurse recognizes these findings as:
a. Chronic hypertension
b. Gestational hypertension
c. Preeclampsia
d. Eclampsia
c. Preeclampsia → Hypertension + proteinuria + symptoms (headache/vision changes).
SATA. Which are major functions of the placenta? (Select all that apply)
a. Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
b. Secretes estrogen and progesterone
c. Removes waste from fetal circulation
d. Produces insulin for the fetus
e. Transfers nutrients to the fetus
a, b, c, e → Placenta does NOT produce insulin.
Which placental hormone is essential to maintain early pregnancy until the placenta takes over hormone production?
a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
d. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
c. hCG → Maintains corpus luteum in early pregnancy until placenta produces hormones.
Which hormones are secreted by the placenta? (Select all that apply)
a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. hCG
d. hPL
e. FSH
a, b, c, d → Placenta secretes estrogen, progesterone, hCG, hPL. FSH is from anterior pituitary.