Chapter 1
Chapter 3/4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
100
Name properties and processes that are associated with living things.
energy processing, growth and reproduction, response to environment, and evolutionary adaptation.
100
Explain why solid water is less dense than liquid water.
The hydrogen bonds lock the molecules into a crystalline, spacious state.
100
Distinguish between unsaturated, saturated, and transfats.
Unsaturated-double bonds present in hydrocarbon chain Saturated-all single bonds with max number of hydrogens Transfats-double bond with hydrogens on opposite sides of double bond.
100
Describe cell theory.
All life is made up of cells and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
100
Why are phospholipids amphipathic molecules?
They have a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic fatty acid tail.
200
How are hypotheses different than theories?
Hypotheses are tentative explanations and theories are subject to repeated testing with the same result.
200
What functional group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule to behave as a base?
amino group!
200
What is a glycosidic linkage and what process causes its formation?
A bond between two saccharides caused by a dehydration reaction.
200
Describe intracellular digestion by lysosomes.
The lysosomal vacuoles containing a digestive enzyme fuse with the food vacuole. Upon fusion, the lysosomes secrete the digestive enzyme to breakdown the material in a compartmentalized area. This keeps the digestive enzymes from releasing into the cell and degrading everything. :D
200
What is the difference between channel and carrier proteins?
Channel proteins:channel for specific ion/molecule to pass through. (facilitated diffusion) Carrier proteins: changes shape while transporting solute across membrane. (facilitated)
300
Why are there no absolute truths in science?
Scientific experimentation cannot fully prove a variable. Theories can still be falsifiable and modified by further evidence.
300
Explain how carbon can form large, diverse organic molecules?
It can make four bonds that have the potential to create a highly diverse array of isomers with different functions.
300
Describe the biological importance of steroids?
Cell signaling!
300
What is the function of the central vacuole in a plant cell? Why do you think animal cells do not have this vacuole?
The central vacuole provides a storage of water and nutrients in case of emergency. Since plants cannot move towards their food (go to the fridge like us) they need to store whatever they can in case of future drought.
300
What is the difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins?
Integral: has hydrophobic and hydrophilic structure to allow it to situate between phospholipid bilayer. Peripheral:not embedded in bilayer, they are loosely bound to surface of membrane.
400
Why is it important to include a control group in an experiment?
Without a control group, there is no way to see if the result is due to the tested variable or an external variable.
400
A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it______
will act as an acid and a base
400
Distinguish some differences between DNA and RNA.
RNA: Single-stranded, contains uracil, one more OH group than DNA, acts as messenger from DNA to ribosomes. DNA: double-stranded, contains thymine, deoxyribose sugar, responsible for storing genetic info
400
Distinguish between free and bound ribosomes in terms of function and location.
Bound ribosomes-on rough ER, protein synthesis for exporting out of cell. free ribosomes-located in the cytosol and make proteins designated for cytosol.
400
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
Receptors on the outside of the cell membrane have a specific active site that allows a designated ligand to bond to it. Once bonded, the cell membrane pinches off and allows the ligand and other ions to enter. (picky eating)
500
How does inductive reasoning differ from deductive reasoning?
Inductive goes from specific to general and deductive is from general to specific.
500
Explain the four emergent properties of water and how they are crucial to life on Earth.
solvent of life, temperature regulation, cohesive nature, expansion upon freezing
500
Explain the significance of the R group in amino acids.
Allows for 20 different amino acid types that contribute a different characteristic of a reaction.
500
Explain the significance of the cis and trans side of the golgi apparatus.
Cis=same, trans=across. Cis side is the receiving end and the trans side is where the vacuole pinches off and transports materials to plasma membrane.
500
What is pinocytosis?
Cellular drinking (however, the liquid is not needed but the dissolved ions or molecules inside it are needed). As a result, pinocytosis is nonspecific.
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