Attenuation Model
Filter Model
Experiments
Sensory Memory
Miscellaneous
100
What are the two stages in the attenuation model?
1. Attenuation 2. Dictionary unit analysis
100
What is the purpose of the filter model?
To explain why individuals let certain information in while disregarding other information.
100
What is the Dear Aunt Jane Experiment?
an experiment based on the principal of shadowing. Subjects were told to shadow the message presented in the left ear, such as Dear, 7, and Jane but they reported hearing the message "Dear Aunt Jane" because the subject's attention had switched to the other ear and unattended channel that presented 9, Aunt, 6 - this happened because they were taking the meaning of the words into account.
100
Define sensory memory
a brief stage of memory that holds information for seconds or fractions of a second. Closely connected to perception.
100
According to the attenuation model, the lower the threshold the more likely....
the information will be processed
200
What determines threshold in this model?
Salience and context. Looking for information with meaning, characteristics and language.
200
What are the three phases of the filter model?
Sensory information-> Filter-> Detector
200
What is the phone operator experiment?
an experiment where an operator gave phone numbers followed by "have a nice day" and as a result people had difficulty remember the numbers due to masking.
200
Define the span of apprehension
The number of objects seen in glance that can accurately be perceived half of the time
200
True or false: The dear aunt jane experiment used masking?
false- it used shadowing
300
What occurs in the first stage of attenuation?
Messages are turned down based on physical characteristics. If messages are too similar they can be separated based on meaning.
300
What is good about the filter model?
It can explain why people notice a gender switch but not a language switch.
300
What is the Bean Experiment and what were the findings?
The experimenter tossed black beans into a black tray with a white box in the middle and estimated without hesitation the number of beans in the white box. Results: When the number in the white box was small, he was fast an accurate. When the number in the white box was 9 or higher, he was right only half of the time.
300
What is echoic memory?
Information is replayed like an echo. The recall lasts for a limited amount of time.
300
True or False: The filter model can explain the cocktail party phenomenon?
False
400
What occurs in the second stage on dictionary unit analysis?
words are detected if they pass over the threshold
400
What is bad about the filter model?
It cannot explain the cocktail party phenomenon and the Dear Aunt Jane Experiment
400
What are dichotic listening experiments and what were the results?
Participants shadowed one message and ignored the other. The findings concluded that they could easily shadow attended channel and noticed replacement of speech with tones in unattended channel, but did not notice a switch of language or backwards English in the unattended channel.
400
Define masking
A process by which the perception and/or storage of a stimulus is influenced by events occurring immediately after presentation
400
In the dot experiment, what two speeds had the biggest difference in results?
between 40ms and 150ms
500
What are the two experiments that the filter model couldn't explain but the attenuation model could?
The Dear Aunt Jane experiment and the Cocktail Party Phenomenon
500
Explain the process of the filter model in detail
When there is too much information, we use a filter Information gets filtered before it is processed for meaning Filtering is based on physical characteristics of stimulus such as: voice, speed, and location
500
What was the device used and what are the three speeds in the Dot Experiment?
The name of the device used is the Tachistiscope. The three speeds are 40ms 150ms and 600ms
500
What are some real life examples of sensory memory?
Sparklers Cartoons Lightning
500
What does "Gatekeeper for consciousness" refer to?
Attention- which is the process of concentrating on certain stimuli, thoughts, etc.
M
e
n
u