Beccaria
Becker
Measurement of Crime
Crime Trend
Correlates of Crime
100
Beccaria did not believe in the death penalty because he didn't think society had the right to kill people and that it isn't a good deterrent (true or false?)
True
100
What are injunctive norms and description norms? Also give real life examples
In: what is considered to be morally right/wrong De: what actually happens
100
What year did the NIBRS start?
1982
100
Both UCR and NCVS show that crime is going down by about___?
20%
100
Peak arrest age for property crime and violent crime
Property: 16 Violent:18
200
What 3 things did Beccaria say punishment should be?
Swift, Certain and Proportional
200
Some people who did commit crimes are not caught/accused, and thus they are not labeled as deviant. True/False
True
200
NCVS can contain up to 10 offenses, 99 offenders and 999 victims. True/False
False. NIBRS
200
What are the more commonly addressed factors that lead to the reduction in crimes during 90s
1. Changes in policing and incarceration - increase in size and changes in style of policing 2. Illicit drug use (AIDS) - contraction of drug market in the 90s
200
Explain the gender gap: Need complete answers with examples; Missing any main points is failure.
1. Socialization to gender roles: Men and women are raised differently 2. Strain: Women are less likely to experience certain types of stressful events that lead to criminogenic outcomes, and they have different emotional reactions (Hay, 2003)
300
According to Becarria this is the main goal of punishment
Deterrence
300
Prof. Pickett used to Stanford rapist to explain which concept? Also elaborate that concept
Social variation: matters who is doing it and who it is done to
300
The police are only aware of 1/3 of crime that occurs. True or False?
True.
300
According to Baumer, why crime went up in the mid-80s and early 90s? Which one is THE BIG ONE factor?
1. The Big One: the expansion of drug market (crack market activity) 2. Cohabitation (15-25%) and Teen births (5-10%) 3. The economy: plays no rule
300
1. 2010: African Americans are ___of the total population, but account for ____violent arrest, and____property crime. 2. The racial gap is smaller for both serious and non-serious crimes (True or False)
1. 12.6%, 38%, 28% 2. False. The gap is smaller for property crime and non-serious crime.
400
The idea that an offender weighs benefits and costs of a crime before committing it is known as which theory?
RCT
400
Social response to drunk driving in the 60s is very different from nowadays. Which concept this statement is referring to? Elaborate the concept.
Temporal variation: rules and importance of rules vary over time and place.
400
List the Part 1 index crime of the UCR
Murder/Non-negligent manslaughter Rape Robbery Aggrevated assault Burglary Larceny/Theft Motor vehicle theft Arson
400
According to Baumer, what are the factors that lead to crime reduction in the 90s? Which three are THE BIG THREE?
1. Increase in incarceration 2. The economy 3. Lag teen births 4. Demographic changes 5. Policing 6. Crack market activity 7. Lead exposure
400
What arguments Sampson, Morenoff, and Raudenbush (2005) had made in explaining the racial gap of criminal offending.
1. Constitutional differences: IQ of youths (weakest explanation) 2. Black family structure: matriarchal 3. Socioeconomic inequality: AA more likely to live in poorer communities 4. Concentrated disadvantage: not only you are poor; you also don't have any resources around you (strongest explanation)
500
Explain Beccaria's perspective on torture. (Need 3/4 major points)
1. Until a person is convicted you have no right to punish them 2. Torture mixes up distinction between truth of guilt and robustness 3. The case of being innocent is even worse 4. No right to toture even if that person is guilty
500
What are William Sumner's types of norms? Explain each of them.
Folkways, Mores, and Laws
500
Albany is a nice small city with a population of 100,000 residents. In 2012, 500 property crimes were reported to the police. Calculate the property crime rate for NCVS.
5 per 1,000
500
Explain : 1. Three sources of violence 2. Zero v Positive Sum
1. Competition, Diffidence, Glory 2. Zero Sum: one person can only benefit by hurting another Positive Sum: when we both have choices, we can benefit each other.
500
What arguments did Sampson and Wilson (1995) made in terms of understanding the racial gap?
1. Ecological inequality and concentration effects: AA communities vary a lot in their crime rates 2. The causes of crime were similar for black and white 3. In every city, blacks are more likely to live in poor neighborhoods.
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