Theory
These theories refer to the presence of both nature and nurture related criminogenic factors as a contributing factor to criminal behavior?
biosocial theories
______ factors are elements that tend to increase the charge and subsequent punishment held by the person who committed the crime.
Ethics is important in the criminal justice system because practitioners have a lot of ______ when making decisions.
discretion
These are crime not reported to the police and what the NCVS tries to capture
dark figure of crime
What is considered a less serious offense that can be punished by less than 1 year incarceration in jail?
misdemeanor
Theorists from which school sought to determine basic causes of crime, had a strong belief in using research, and believed in rehabilitating people rather than punishing them?
Positivist
In order to be held criminal liable, the prosecutor must establish the offender had both actus reas and what?
mens rea
One reason that police departments need to actively work to prevent corruption is the amount of ______ police officers confront.
temptation
What type of research is usually broader in scope and relies on high sample sizes and generalizability?
quantitative
What is the first step taken in the criminal process once a crime has been observed or reported?
investigation
______ theories assume that people are born “bad” and must learn to regulate their own behavior and selfish impulses in order to be “good" or not commit crime.
Control
What are the two types of law in America?
Civil and Criminal
Which type of ethics is complicated and can have a multitude of sides/shades of grey?
relative
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
Which model believes the purpose of the criminal justice system is to deter crime through swift punishment and puts less emphasis on the rights of the person accused?
Crime Control Model
______ theory considers the effect of one’s primary status on creating a self-fulfilling prophecy that can cause criminal behavior.
Labeling
America's modern system of law is based upon which English based system?
common law
Job-related stressors for correctional officers are similar to those in which other criminal justice field?
police officers
Which additional UCR report provides further information on traditional crimes that occurred in a discriminatory context?
Hate Crime Statistics
Is homicide an example of a mala in se and a mala prohibita crime?
mala in se
These theories attempts to explain why men are more likely to engage in criminal activity than women.
Feminist
Which doctrine is the judicial practice of looking to the past for pertinent decisions and deferring to them?
stare decisis
What is the term for a police officer who accepts bribes to look the other way?
Grass-eater
Interviewing inmates would be an example of which type of criminological research?
qualitative
What are two possible outcomes that come directly after sentencing in the criminal process?
prison and probation