Module 1
A scientist testing the effects of a chemical on apple yield sprays an orchard with the chemical. A second orchard does not receive the chemical. In the fall, the number of apples harvested from each orchard is counted. What is the dependent variable?
the number of apples collected from each orchard
If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have?
54
What is a hydrophilic molecule?
Water loving, readily interact with water molecules
Which of the following features do membrane phospholipids and integral membrane proteins share?
- they both contain Carbon Hydrogen and Oxygen
- they both have amphipathic natures/properties
Free water will move from an area with(higher or lower) solute concentration to an area with (higher or lower) solute concentration.
low, high
What are the steps of testing a hypothesis/scientific method?
make observation > ask question > form hypothesis > make prediction based on hypothesis > do experiment > analyze results > hypothesis is correct/incorrect > report results
In the chemical reaction 2H + O → H2O the H and O are the (reactant or product) and the H2O is the (reactant or product).
reactant, product
Carbon atoms can form (covalent, ionic or hydrogen) bonds with up to (blank) other atoms
covalent, 4
Which of the following is found outside of the membrane, but is attached to integral membrane lipids and integral membrane proteins?
- carbohydrates
- peripheral proteins
Antiporters move molecules in (same or different) directions across the membrane and symporters move molecules in the (same or different) direction.
different, same
After fishing at a local lake, a group of ecology students observed that in one cove the bass caught were of an unusually small mass. They also noted that a manufacturing plant was releasing hot water into the lake at this point. The ecology students wanted to know if there was a relationship between the water temperature, the mass of the fish, and the amount of dissolved oxygen present in the organisms' environment. The students set up four aquaria and stocked each with five bass.
the temperature of the water in each tank
Which type of bond represents a weak intermolecular bond?
hydrogen bond
is glycolysis an example of dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis?
hydrolysis
The monomers that make up proteins are called (blank).
amino acids
What organelles are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
- ribosomes
- plasma membrane
- DNA
- cytoplasm
what are the properties of life?
order, response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis and energy processing
A molecule that binds up excess hydrogen ions in a solution is called a(n) ________.
base
How do phospholipids differ from fats?
- phopsholipids have two fatty acids while fats have three
- phospholipids have phosphate groups while fats do not
What factors can negatively impact proteins function?
-Changes in the DNA sequence that codes for the proteins
-Changes in the hydrogen bonds between the amino acids in a polypeptide chain
-High temperatures
-possibly highly acidic or highly basic environments
Write out the sequence (from top to bottom) that lists the steps involved in the incorporation of a proteinaceous molecule within a cell
synthesis of protein on the ribosome > modification in rough ER > modification in smooth ER > tagging in Golgi > distribution via vesicle >
Why aren't viruses considered by many scientists to be living?
they are not composed of cells
As a result of water’s (blank), each water molecule attracts other water molecules because of the opposite charges between water molecules (δ+of hydrogen in one molecule and a δ– charge on the oxygen on another molecule).
polarity
a cell found in frigid temperatures is more likely to have a higher concentration of (saturated or unsaturated) fatty acids in their membrane.
unsaturated
(T/F) The pH of a solution can change the shape of an enzyme and affect the rate at which it catalyzes a reaction.
Match up the following:
- tight junction -cadherins
-desmosomes -connexins
- gap junction -claudins and occludins
- tight junction -claudins and occludins
-desmosomes -cadherins
- gap junction -connexins