Genetics Basics
Genetic information that can be passed from parents to offspring.
What is Heritable Information?
All the alleles present in a population.
What is the gene pool?
Behaviors that are inherited vs. those learned through experience.
What are innate and learned behaviors?
The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment.
What is ecology?
When gaining one benefit comes with a cost in another area.
What is a trade-off?
The genetic makeup of an organism, or the alleges it carries.
What is Genotype?
The model stating allele frequencies remain constant if no evolution is occuring.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle of equilibrium?
A random change in movement in response to a stimulus.
What is kinesis?
An interaction where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.
What is parasitism?
The energy required to perform or maintain a behavior.
What is energetic cost?
The observable traits of an organism, influenced by both genes and environment.
What is Phenotype?
No mutation, no migration, random mating, large population, and no natural selection.
What are the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Behavior that benefits another at a cost to oneself.
What is altruistic behavior?
A principle stating that no two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely.
What is the competitive exclusion principle?
Increased chance of harm due to a behavior, like making noise that attracts predators.
What is risk cost?
Permanent changes in DNA sequence that can create a new variation.
What is a mutation?
p², 2pq, and q² represent genotype frequencies in this model.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
Smells, sounds, or visual displays are examples of this.
What are types of communication signals?
A close, long-term interaction between two species (mutualism, parasitism, or commensalism).
What is symbiosis?
When signals are misunderstood due to differences between individuals.
What is variation resulting in failed communication?
The reshuffling of genetic material during meiosis that creates new allele combinations.
What is recombination?
A statical test comparing observed vs. expected genetic data
What is a chi-squared analysis?
A strategy organisms use to maximize food gained while minimizing effort or risk.
What is optimal foraging behavior?
A measure of biodiversity that includes both richness and evenness.
What is the Shannon Biodiversity Index?
Lost opportunities because time/energy was invested in one behavior over another.
What is opportunity cost?