Myths/Misunderstandings & Reality
What is the definition of introspection?
Introspection : an examination of one's own thoughts and feelings.
What are at least 3 ways culture develops over time?
Collective memory, one generation to another, media, socialization, etc.
How many types of well-being (Main categories) are there and what are their names?
3; Hedonic, Eudemonic, Authentic happiness
In romantic relationships, a ratio of 1:1 in regard to positive to negative interactions is more likely to lead to what outcome?
Divorce
Of the 6 basic emotions recognized universally, how many are considered 'positive'?
1 - Joy :)
What is the difference between reliability and validity?
•Reliable: consistency of a measure
•Valid: measuring what we intend to
How is personal growth demonstrated and understood differently between Individualistic and Collectivistic societies?
Self-enhancement: To grow, you must work on developing and enhancing yourself mentally & physically
VS.
Self- transcendence: giving up focus on ourselves to realize we are part of the greater whole
What is one instrument we use to measure someone's level of hedonic and eudemonic well-being?
PANAS; SWL
What is Fredrickson's definition of love?
Love = moment-to-moment experience of positive connection with another person
What is the theory associated with introducing a positive emotional experience to alleviate the feelings of stress/anxiety?
Undoing Hypothesis
Theory of well-being is __________? (Acronym and the names)
PERMA
Positive emotions, Engagement/Experiences, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment
Most positive traits manifest differently for different purposes in different ways due to cultural differences and values. Name at least 3 examples we've discussed in class
Stiff upper lip, Humor, Respect, Liberty
What do we use to diagnose mental illness? Mentally healthy?
DSM; Keyes Model of Mental Health
Oxytocin is a hormone with a nickname that gives hints to what it makes us want to do. What is another name for this hormone?
Tend & Befriend
Why does positive reinforcement help us achieve and accomplish more than negative reinforcement?
(I need a theory name and an example)
Broaden and Build theory of Positive Emotion
What does it mean if the P = 0.35?
P- Value: (probability) = probability that the null hypothesis is true
35 % chance that your findings are due to random chance
Over time, how has the perspective on individual differences changed? (3 periods specifically within positive psychology concerning culture). What was/is the main premise of each
Genetically Deficient (Deficiency model)
Culturally Deficient (Deprivation model)
Culturally Different (Uniqueness & Strength)
What is the definition of mental health?
How do we diagnose someone as flourishing?
• Mental health is the absence of mental illness AND the presence of something positive
Flourishing =
High levels of ≥ 1 hedonia
High levels of ≥ 6 eudaimonia
According to the Investment Theory of Commitment, what are the 3 types of investments most likely to persuade us to stay in a relationship?
•Money & possessions
•Effort, trust, self-disclosure
•Shared memories
The definition for 'positive emotional experience' consists of 4 categories/types. Of these 4 types, which are necessary to trigger the process of broadening and building?
Sensations & Emotions (minutes to hours)
The definition of Positive Psychology?
The scientific study of optimal human functioning
What is the specific cultural value which is understood the same but valued differently among Turkish individuals and Americans?
Respect
According to Seligman, what are the 3 components to happiness?
A) Pleasant life- Moments
B) Good life- Strengths
C) Meaningful life- Goals
There are 3 theories associated with understanding how and why people choose to behave within relationships. What are their names and a brief description of each?
1) Attachment theory: Relationship with parent/early caregiver impacts your attachment style as an adult
2) Social Exchange Theory: People’s decisions to engage in and remain in a relationship, as well as their satisfaction, depend on weighing costs & benefits
3) Balance theory: Balance of positive and negative interactions
Describe the basic premise of the upward spiral of lifestyle change.
1.Experience Positive emotion during health behavior
2.Activates Broaden and Build