Myths/Misunderstandings & Reality
What is the definition of introspection?
Introspection : an examination of one's own thoughts and feelings.
What are at least 3 ways culture develops over time?
Collective memory, one generation to another, media, socialization, etc.
How many types of well-being are there and what are their names?
3; Hedonic, Eudemonic, Authentic happiness
In romantic relationships, a ratio of 1:1 in regard to positive to negative interactions is more likely to lead to what outcome?
Divorce
Of the 6 basic emotions recognized universally, how many are considered 'positive'?
1 - Joy :)
What is the difference between reliability and validity?
•Reliable: consistency of a measure
•Valid: measuring what we intend to
How is personal growth demonstrated and understood differently between Individualistic and Collectivistic societies?
Self-enhancement: To grow, you must work on developing and enhancing yourself mentally & physically
VS.
Self- transcendence: giving up focus on ourselves to realize we are part of the greater whole
What is one instrument we use to measure someone's level of hedonic and eudemonic well-being?
PANAS; SWL
What is Fredrickson's definition of love?
Love = moment-to-moment experience of positive connection with another person
What are the two monetary values of importance in studying stress and happiness levels within a study conducted among Americans?
40K & 75K
Theory of well-being is __________? (Acronym and the names)
PERMA
Positive emotions, Engagement/Experiences, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment
Most positive traits manifest differently for different purposes in different ways due to cultural differences and values. Name at least 3 examples we've discussed in class
Stiff upper lip, Humor, Respect, Liberty
What do we use to diagnose mental illness? Mentally healthy?
DSM; Keyes Model of Mental Health
Oxytocin is a hormone with a nickname that gives hints to what it makes us want to do. What is another name for this hormone?
Tend & Befriend
Why does positive reinforcement help us achieve and accomplish more than negative reinforcement?
(I need a theory name and an example)
Broaden and Build theory of Positive Emotion
What does it mean if the P = 0.35?
P- Value: (probability) = probability that the null hypothesis is true
35 % chance that your findings are due to random chance
Over time, how has the perspective on individual differences changed? (3 periods specifically within positive psychology concerning culture). What was/is the main premise of each
Genetically Deficient (Deficiency model)
Culturally Deficient (Deprivation model)
Culturally Different (Uniqueness & Strength)
What is the definition of mental health?
How do we diagnose someone as flourishing?
• Mental health is the absence of mental illness AND the presence of something positive
Flourishing =
High levels of ≥ 1 hedonia
High levels of ≥ 6 eudaimonia
According to the Investment Theory of Commitment, what are the 3 types of investments most likely to persuade us to stay in a relationship?
•Money & possessions
•Effort, trust, self-disclosure
•Shared memories
The definition of Positive Psychology?
The scientific study of optimal human functioning
What is the difference between cross-cultural and multicultural within research and practice?
•Cross-cultural
= comparing countries, societies, cultures, etc. Problem: “Which is better?”
•Multicultural
= examining cultures within a country / larger society. Recognizes value of each culture
According to Seligman, what are the 3 components to happiness?
A) Pleasant life- Moments
B) Good life- Strengths
C) Meaningful life- Goals
There are 3 theories associated with understanding how and why people choose to behave within relationships. What are their names and a brief description of each?
1) Attachment theory: Relationship with parent/early caregiver impacts your attachment style as an adult
2) Social Exchange Theory: People’s decisions to engage in and remain in a relationship, as well as their satisfaction, depend on weighing costs & benefits
3) Balance theory: Balance of positive and negative interactions
Describe the basic premise of the upward spiral of lifestyle change.
1.Experience Positive emotion during health behavior
2.Activates Broaden and Build