Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Transcription/Translation
100
What is the C:H:O ratio of a lipid?
1:2: very few
100
What are the 2 main functions of carbohydrates?
1. Fuel/ energy
2. Structure
100
What type of protein structure remains after denaturation?
Primary structure
100
List 2 differences between DNA and RNA
Double vs single strand
Uracil in RNA
Protein synthesis
100
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
Transcription: synthesis of RNA using a DNA strand as a template
Translation: synthesis of protein using the RNA from transcription
200
What is a fat made of?
3 fatty acids tails linked to a glycerol by ester bonds
200
What bonds are used to build carbs?
Glycosidic linkages
200
Draw the basic structure of an amino acid
200
What type of bond links nucleotides together?
Phosphodiester bonds
200
Where does translation occur?
Ribosomes in cytoplasm
300
How does a phospholipid behave in water? (explain in the context of cell membrane)
When added to water, phospholipids form a bilayer.The hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid would face outwards towards the water, while the hydrophobic tails would face inwards, away from the water.
300
Give an example of a structural polysaccharide found in plants
cellulose
300
Describe the difference between primary and tertiary structure
Primary = sequence of amino acids
Tertiary= interactions between R groups ( side chains)
300
What is a nucleotide composed of?
Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group
300
What is a promoter?
A specific sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to
400
Explain the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats.
Saturated: solid at room temperature, no double bonds
Unsaturated: liquid at room temperature, one or more double bonds
400
Determine the molecular formula for a polysaccharide made of 5 glucose monomers (glucose is C6H12O6).
C30H52O26
400
Identify the side group as either hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
Cysteine, hydrophilic
400
What types of bonds link 2 strands of DNA?
Hydrogen bonds
400
A DNA strand with the sequence 3’ AACGTAACG 5’ is transcribed. What is the mRNA molecule synthesized?
5’ UUGCAUUGC 3’
500
If a patient has heart disease, what type of fats should you recommend they implement into their diet?
Unsaturated fats / HDLs
500
Identify the functional groups:
-OH hydroxyl group
-C=O carbonyl
500
What is a protein biologically?
A long chain polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds and folded into 3D shape
500
Which nitrogenous bases are purines?
Adenine, Guanine (remember: Pure heavy AGriculture)
500
Explain the difference between codons and anticodons.
Codons are the bases on the mRNA strand
Anticodons are the bases that are brought by the tRNA