Memory
In a psychology lab experiment, the subject has to memorize long lists of words, do fifteen basic math problems, and then get tested on the lists of words. What process were the experimenters getting the subjects NOT to do by including the math problems in between the memorization and the recall?
Rehearsal
Chunking
Reconsolidation
Flashbulb memories
Blocking
Rehearsal
Stuart acquires a classically conditioned phobia of ducks. Now he shows a phobic response not just to ducks, but to other birds as well, especially ones that can swim. What are the changes in his phobia an example of?
Stimulus generalization
Visiting a political website that only has content you agree with is an example of which of the following?
1. Loss Aversion
2. Hindsight Bias
3. Confirmation Bias
4. Bias-Blind Spot
Confirmation Bias
What is syntax?
1. sounds in language
2. rule for combining words into sentences
3. the meaning of words
rule for combining words into sentences
Of the given options, which form of learning does a multiple-choice test engage?
Recognition
Encoding
Recall
Storage
Relearning
Recognition
Elizabeth is taking a fill-in-the-blank pop quiz in her English class. What form of memory is she exercising while answering the questions?
Relearning
Storage
Recall
Retention
Recognition
Recall
Mary is often tired when she wakes up, so she starts drinking coffee every day at 8:00 am, which makes her feel energized. One morning she is coming home from the grocery store she notices the time - it is 8:00 am. She had not wanted coffee before she checked the time, but she suddenly feels tired and craves the drink. Mary’s sudden craving for coffee after noticing the time is an example of which of the following?
Conditioned response
The Flynn Effect describes which of the following?
1. The substantial worldwide increase in intelligence test scores of men in the past century
2. The substantial worldwide decrease in intelligence test scores in the past century
3. The substantial worldwide increase in intelligence test scores of women in the past century
4. The substantial worldwide increase in intelligence test scores in the past century
The substantial worldwide increase in intelligence test scores in the past century
Up until what age our kids able to learn any language?
1. 1 year
2. 1 month
3. 6 weeks
4. 6 months
6 months
How long is information stored in our short-term memory?
30 seconds
5 seconds
24 hours
30 minutes
5 minutes
30 seconds
Which of the following events may be considered an episodic memory?
A series of words in a language you don't know, but have memorized through repetition
Hiking with your parents in Sedona when you were twelve
The dates of important battles in World War II
Hiking with your parents in Sedona when you were twelve
Dr. Walsh is interested in seeing whether symptoms of depression can be manipulated using principles of classical conditioning. For several weeks of an experiment, he gives a group of patients a sweetened soda that has a mood-enhancing drug in it and notices that symptoms of depression improve significantly. Then, he removes the drug from the beverage and notices that the symptoms are still improved when the patients consume the soda. Which of the following is the conditioned stimulus in Dr. Walsh’s experiment?
The sweetened soda
Simon is meek, tidy, quiet, and overly concerned with order and detail. When given the choice of guessing if Simon works at the library or at the hospital, most people guess the library, even though the hospital employs more people. The guess that Simon works at the library is due to:
1. Availability Heuristic
2. Representative Heuristic
3. Bias-Blind Spot
4.Hindsight Bias
Representative Heuristic
What is the difference between phonemes and morphemes?
1. Morphemes are the smallest recognizable units of sound, whereas phonemes are the smallest unit of language that has meaning.
2. Phonemes are the smallest recognizable units of sound, whereas morphemes are the smallest unit of language that has meaning
Phonemes are the smallest recognizable units of sound, whereas morphemes are the smallest unit of language that has meaning
What is the difference between reliability and validity?
1. Reliability refers to the strength of findings, while validity refers to the discriminatory ability of findings
2. Reliability refers to the generalizability of findings, while validity refers to the importance of findings
3. Validity refers to the repeatability of findings, while reliability refers to the credibility of findings
4. Reliability refers to the repeatability of findings, while validity refers to the credibility of findings
Reliability refers to the repeatability of findings, while validity refers to the credibility of findings
What is the difference between iconic memory and echoic memory?
Echoic memory is very short-term visual memory, whereas iconic memory is very short-term auditory memory
Iconic memory is very short-term visual memory, whereas echoic memory is very short-term auditory memory
Echoic memories are transformed into iconic memories by consolidation.
Iconic memory is long term visual memory, whereas echoic memory is long term auditory memory
Echoic memory is long term visual memory, whereas iconic memory is long term auditory memory
Iconic memory is very short-term visual memory, whereas echoic memory is very short-term auditory memory
Lauren is studying for her final exam in her psychology class. For every 45 minutes that she studies, she gives herself a mini doughnut, then goes back to studying. What schedule of reinforcement is Lauren using?
Fixed interval
Which of the following best describes a heuristic?
A "rule-of-thumb" used for problem solving and making judgments that may not always yield a correct solution
While trying to solve a problem, a sudden realization that leads to the answer
The prime representation of a certain category
A logical procedure that guarantees a correct solution to a problem
A "rule-of-thumb" used for problem solving and making judgments that may not always yield a correct solution
Walter decides that he would like to ride a bicycle. He has not used a bicycle in twenty years and wonders if he will remember how to do so. To his surprise he easily remembers how to ride. What type of memory allows Walter to ride a bicycle after twenty years?
1. Implicit memory
2. Episodic memory
3. Explicit memory
4. Semantic memory
Implicit memory
Kelly and Jeff live together, and Kelly constantly yells at Jeff to clean his dishes in the kitchen. She tells him that she will stop nagging if he does the chore. He finally cleans the dishes and Kelly, in turn, stops nagging him. As a result, Jeff is more likely to clean his dishes in the future. What is this scenario an example of?
Choose 1 answer:Choose 1 answer:
Negative reinforcement
Cameron experienced a traumatic car accident. After recovery, he is only able to remember things that happened before the accident and is completely unable to retain new memories. He is most likely suffering from which of the following?
1. Post traumatic stress disorder
2. Selective amnesia
3. Anterograde amnesia
4. Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Dr. Soreth is a behavioral researcher who uses pigeons in her research; she teaches the birds to peck a green button and receive a treat. She wants to try out a new schedule of reinforcement for the pigeons. She wants the birds to peck as much as possible, and to have their pecking behavior occur at a steady rate with very little pausing between responses. Which schedule of reinforcement would be best for her to choose?
Variable ratio
________ thinking is directed toward finding one solution, whereas ________ thinking looks for multiple solutions and is more often associated with creativity.
1. exclusive; associative
2. convalescent; distributive
3. inductive; deductive
4. convergent; divergent
convergent; divergent
Which is not a level of encoding?
1. Shallow
2. Deep
3. Intermediate
4. Expert
Expert
In a rush on his way to work, Jared has accidentally locked his keys in his car. He has his suit jacket with him on a metal wire hanger. Rather than thinking to use the hanger to unlock his car by sliding it between the window and car door, Jared calls his wife in hopes that she has a spare set of keys with her. Jared's failure to realize the other use for a metal wire hanger is an example of what cognitive phenomenon?
1. Confirmation bias
2. Belief perseverance
3. Availability heuristic
4. Framing
5. Functional fixedness
Functional fixedness