Pancreas
The two divisions of the pancreas
What is exocrine and endocrine pancreas
This is another name for the posterior pituitary gland
What is neurohypophysis
These types of hormones are released from the cortex
What are corticosteroids/ steroids (aldosterone)
These are the hormones released from the thyroid gland
T3 and T4, Calcitonin
The cells responsible for controlling blood sugar in the pancreas
What is islets cells (alpha/ beta cells)
These two hormones are released from the posterior pituitary
What are oxytocin and ADH
Name the zones of the adrenal gland from most superior to most deep.
What is the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis
The thyroid helps regulate the amount of which ion in the bloodstream
Calcium
This hormone is released from alpha cells when blood sugar levels are too low.
What is glucagon
The type of tissue that makes up the anterior pituitary
Endocrine tissue
This zone produces glucocorticoids.
What is the zone fasciculata
Explain the steps of T3 and T4 synthesis
Thyroglobulin is made in the follicular cell, thyroglobulin leaves into the colloid, binds with iodine to make T3 and T4, T3 and T4 re-enter the follicular cell, secreted into the body
How does insulin interact with a cell?
Insulin is hydrophilic, therefore, it cannot enter the cell. It binds to a receptor on the outside that sends a signal inside the cell (more glucose transporters to be placed on the membrane)
Types of hormones that the hypothalamus synthesizes and releases
What are releasing and inhibiting hormones
Stress is a stimulus that causes the release of what type of hormone
Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Hyperthyroidism indicates that there is a problem with what part of the HPT axis? Explain.
Thyroid gland- the thyroid gland continues to produce T3 and T4 despite low TSH levels coming from the anterior pituitary
This is where glucose is stored in the body
Liver, skeletal muscle
The molecule that the hypothalamus uses to communicate with the posterior pituitary
What is neurohormones
Explain the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cycle
Low BP, Renin from the kidney acts on angiotensinogen, angiotensinogen becomes angiotensin 1, angiotensin-converting enzyme turns angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2, causes thirst and aldosterone to be released from the adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa), causes the reabsorption of Na+ and water, increases blood volume and raises BP
Secondary hypothyroidism indicates that there is a problem with what part of the HPT axis? Explain.
Anterior pituitary gland- thyroid gland is not being stimulated by the anterior pituitary to make and release T3 and T4