Ecosystems
True or False: Energy and Nutrients pass from:
primary producers
↓
primary consumers
↓
secondary consumers
↓
tertiary consumers
True
1. temperature
2. precipitation
3. sunlight
4. wind
What regulates the flow of water through the xylem?
A) passive transport by the endodermis
B) the number of companion cells in the phloem
C) the evaporation of water from the leaves
D) active transport by sieve-tube members
E) active transport by tracheid and vessel elements.
C. the evaporation of water from the leaves
True or False:
Chordates did not evolve from echinoderms, but have evolved separately from them
for at least 500 million years.
True
Fix this sentence or is it correct?
Phloem transports water and minerals
from roots to shoots.
Xylem transports water and minerals
from roots to shoots.
This Law States that: Energy enters an ecosystem as solar radiation, is conserved, and is lost from
organisms as heat.
What is First Law of Thermodynamics
abiotic or biotic?
including other organisms that are part of an individual’s environment
Biotic
The value for Ψ in flaccid leaf cells is -0.7 MPa. If you take the leaf tissue and place it in a
0.4 M solution of sucrose (Ψ = -0.9), net water flow would lead to
A) plasmolysis
B) an increase in cell turgidity
C) no change in cell volume
D) a decrease in the number aquaporin channels in the plasma membrane
E) be impossible to determine from the values provided
Name the bilateria Phylums
Lophotrochozoa
Ecdysozoa
Dueterostomia
There are two major pathways through plants, what are they and what do they do?
Apoplast: consists of everything external to the plasma membrane; cell walls, extracellular spaces, and the interior of vessel elements and tracheids
Symplast: consists of the cytosol of all the living cells in a plant; plasmodesmata.
This law states that Energy cannot be created or destroyed
What is Law of Conservation of mass
What type of terrestrial biome is this describing?
Precipitation is highly seasonal with rainy winters and dry summers, dominated by shrubs, small trees, grasses, and herbs; many plants are adapted to fire and drought
In the alteration-of-generations in plants, the formation of gametes from sporophytes requires
which process(es) to have occurred
A) mitosis only
B) meiosis only
C) cytokinesis only
D) meiosis and mitosis
E) none of the above
D
What is this Phylum?
Characteristics:
- radial symmetry; diploblastic
- mesoglea
- 2 body forms
- tentacles
- gastrovascular cavity, gastrodermis
- nerve net
- cnidocytes, nematocycts
- includes jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones
Cnidaria
Type I: Low death rates during early and middle life and an increase in death rates among older age groups
Energy, Mass and Trophic Levels that build molecules themselves using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis as an energy source.
What are Autotrophs
What is the name of the temperature boundary that separates the warm upper layer from the cold deeper water.
Thermocline
Mayflies swarm in great numbers to increase their chances of mating. This behavior
exemplifies which type of dispersion
A) clumped
B) uniform
C) unorthodox
D) evasive
E) random
A. Clumped
This Phylum contains these characteristics
- no tissues; asymmetrical
- sessile suspension feeders
- hermaphrodites = monoecious
Porifera- Sponges
Fill in the blank
(Blank) is the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the
population.
Dispersion
In studying cycling of water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, ecologists focus on four factors:
Name at least one
1. Each chemical’s biological importance
2. Forms in which each chemical is available or used by organisms
3. Major reservoirs for each chemical
4. Key processes driving movement of each chemical through its cycle
What is an Oligotropic Lake and Eutrophic Lake
Oligotrophic lakes are nutrient-poor
and generally oxygen-rich.
Eutrophic lakes are nutrient-rich
and often oxygen-poor in deep zones.
Which of the following scenarios is consistent with the concept of K-selection?
A) an agave bush sending up a large flowering stalk, producing seeds and then dying.
B) salmon producing thousands of eggs in a single reproductive event before dying
C) Great Frigatebirds competing for nesting sites on the Galapagos Islands
D) a bivalve mollusk releasing thousands of eggs in a single reproductive episode
E) none of the above
C.
Give 3 characteristics for roundworms?
- bilateral symmetry; triploblastic; pseudocoelomate
- sexual reproduction
- free-living or parasitic
- alimentary canal
- no circulatory or respiratory organs
- contraction of longitudinal muscles produces a thrashing motion
- includes pinworms and heartworms
What is this describing? a food-storing tissue of the seed
An endosperm