Scientific Method/Variables
What is the Scientific Method?
Used to find answers to questions, each step is interrelated
What are the 6 main features of a Neuron?
Dendrite, nucleus, cell body, axon, action potential, axon terminal
What is Fitness?
Reproductive success
What is color, how is it percieved?
specific wavelength reflected
What is Photosynthesis Formula?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
What is an Independent and Dependent Variable?
I.V- what is manipulated
D.V-what is measured
What are the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic- DNA is circular , does not have membrane-bound enclosed organelles, NO nucleus, bacteria/archaea.
Eukaryotic- Membrane-bound enclosed organelles, nucleus, plant/animal cells, DNA is linear
Gene VS. Allele
Gene-the genetic makeup of an individual
Allele-variation of a gene
What describes white? What describes Black?
White-all reflected, none absorbed
Black-none reflected, all absorbed
Where do Light-Dependent and Independent reactions occur?
Light Dependent- Thylakoid Membrane
Light Independent- Stroma
What are the 5 steps of the scientific method?
Observation, Question, Answer/Hypothesis, Prediction, Test of Prediction
What is an action potential?
Electrical/Chemical signal along axon, Electrical signal transmitted through changes in ion concentrations inside and outside of cell membrane
What are the 3 types of natural selection? What are examples?
-Directional
-Disruptive
-Stabilizing
If plants have green, red and blue pigments,
why do they appear green?
The green pigments are far more abundant
than the accessory pigments of different colors.
Why is photosynthesis important for plants?
–Stores light energy in chemical form
–Provides an incentive to get animals to do work
• Fruit to disperse seeds, nectar to encourage pollination
–Provides structural material
• Cellulose is complex molecule made of simple sugars
Which part of the scientific method is the experimental part and shows cause and effect?
The Prediction step (If,Then statements)
What Pump controls resting membrane potential and during the movement of the action potential? And what are the cellular charges inside/outside the cell at resting potential?
(Na/K Pump), negative inside, positive outside
Founder Effect vs. Bottle Neck
-Founder Effect – When a small new population
is started (founded) from a larger population, by chance
-Bottleneck-Occur when the size of a population is
reduced for at least one generation
What are the evolutionary advantages of seeing color?
Perceive environmental cues better (fruiting trees,
flower)
-Use of color and color perception in mating displays
-Mimicry -> color warnings
-Camouflage -> blend in with the environment
Do Plants have Mitochondria and Chloroplast?
YES
What is the difference between an observational and controlled experiment?
Obs.- a researcher measures characteristics of interest of a part of a population but does not change existing conditions.
Exp.- a treatment is applied to part of a population and responses are observed
What happens at each step of the actual potential transmission? Resting potential-> Depolarization -> Peak Depolarization -> Repolarization (Draw!)
Resting- + outside neuron, - inside neuron, Na+ higher outside neuron, K+ higher inside the neuron
Depolarization- Na+ channels open and Na+ enters neuron (no energy needed), Interior of cell become + and exterior becomes –
Peak Depolarization- Na+ channels close, Peak positive charge in cell, K+ channels open and K+ leave neuron, Causes exterior of cell to become positive and interior to become negative
Repolarization-Same charges as initial, no ion gradients, Na/K pump pumps Na+ out and K+ into neuron(Active transport)
What is Adaptive radiation? What is an example?
-divergence of many new species from a single ancestral species, usually by a rapid process often tied to the colonization of new niches
EXAMPLE- Darwin's finches
What are the primary pigments in plants?
chlorophyll a and b
What is photosystem 1 and 2?
Photosystem 2- first of light capturing, (P680), best at absorbing light, PRODUCES ATP
Photosystem 1-second light-capturing complex. (P700), chlorophyll PRODUCES NADPH