Paying Attention
How do you describe movements of attention?
When something moves, we pay close attention to it. Movements of attention are stronger than physical bodily reactions
Does working memory have a long term capacity? Why or why not?
It does not! Working memory refers to a memory system that temporarily holds specific information for processing and is generally considered conscious
Types of explicit memory (this is important folks)
Episodic- Memory for specific events
Sematic- General knowledge
Anterograde vs retrograde amnesia. Differences?
Anterograde amnesia (AA) refers to an impaired capacity for new learning. Retrograde amnesia (RA) refers to the loss of information that was acquired before the onset of amnesia.
Free recall vs retrieval. Give examples of each
In free recall, words can be repeated from the word list in no particular order. Retrieval is different because you are bringing up past memories into thought or conversation
Tell me about attenuation theory
The attenuation model therefore proposes that there is a decrease in the perceived loudness of an unattended message. This message will usually not be loud enough to reach its threshold unless it has a very low threshold to begin with (your name), or there is a general momentary decrease for all messages
Difference between long term and short term memory?
Short-term- holds memory for a couple of seconds Long-term- holds memory for years or decades
What is consolidation and why is it important, what are the routes of memory consolidation?
It solidifies memories.
Hippocampus to cortex.
Tell me about unilateral neglect, what is compensatory for this type of damage?
A failure to respond to one side of the visual field, space based attention
What is an intrusion error? Give an example
Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Procedure EXAMPLE
Why is spaced based attention important?
So when damage is caused to the right parietal lobe individuals can still assess all visual properties
Long-term potentiation occurs when?
When structural changes occur at the synapse
Help me understand nodes?
Know about their activation patterns, associations, response threshold
Korsakoff's Amnesia? Why does it happen? What are its implications?
Korsakoff's syndrome damages nerve cells and supporting cells in the brain and spinal cord, as well as the part of the brain involved with memory. Anterograde amnesia
Tell me about previously learned knowledge and how does it relate to retrieval?
Improves memory performance through deep processing
Give examples of inattentional blindness?
When changes are not noticed amongst other stimuli
Tell me about the STROOP test
Test which assess cognitive flexibility and attention span by examining a patient's ability to separate word and color naming stimuli
What helps with trying to store long term memories?
Associating the memory with contextual clues, encoding specificity
Interference Theory? Talk about what it does. Give an example.
The notion is that memories encoded in long-term memory are forgotten and cannot be retrieved into short-term memory because either memory could interfere with the other
What's hyperthymesia?
the uncommon ability that allows a person to spontaneously recall with great accuracy and detail a vast number of personal events or experiences and their associated dates : highly superior autobiographical memory.
Tell me about different facets of the dichotic listening task
Attended Channel- Listen to this input (e.g., the message presented to the left ear) Shadowing- Repeat out loud the information from the attended channel Unattended channel- Ignore the other input (e.g., the message presented to the right ear)
What is the average working memory capacity?
7±2 item
Example of context reinstatement?
How if you study under the influence of drugs you should take the test on drugs (don't do this)
Claparède showed what?
Patients can be changed by a recent event even though the patient shows no signs of remembering that event
H.M. was a serious headcase. Tell me what was wrong with him initially, and then tell me what the doctors did to help him.
He had part of his hippocampus removed. Anterograde amnesia