Proteins
What are proteins made up of, and how are they defined?
An amino acid, they are defined by their structure
What is energy?
The ability to do work.
What does a functional group do?
changes the characteristics of an organic molecule, replaces hydrogen in a hydrocarbon
What is an organic compound?
C atoms linked covalently to atoms of another element
What is a hydrocarbon organic compound?
simplest organic molecule, containing hydrogen and carbon
What are the 4 protein organizations?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
What is free energy?
The energy associated with a chemical reaction that is available to be used (usable energy)
What are the 4 major classes of biologically important organic compounds?
Carbs, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.
What 4 elements can be bonded with something?
C, H, or N, O
What does is the phosphate group?
Phosphorous covalently paired to four oxygen atom. one double bond and three single bonds
At neutral pH 7, carboxyl groups do what and amino group do what?
carboxyl group donates a proton, aminio acid accepts a proton
What is the only kind of energy to do cellular work?
Free energy
What does the carbonyl group consist of?
an oxygen double bonded to a carbon
what are the unique properties of carbon organic compounds?
can form four covalent bonds, allows for the formation of carbon backbones of large complex molecules
What do all sugars consist of?
carbonyl and a hydroxyl group
What are amino acids composed of?
Amino groups, Carboxyl Groups, Central Group, and Sidechain
A smaller reactant with a bigger product, consumes energy
What is the function of the sulfhydryl group?
stabilizes the internal structure of proteins.
What are hydrocarbons?
organic molecules that are simple with only H and C
What are the properties of proteins a consequence of?
functional groups and their arrangment
What is a peptide bond?
Bonds an carboxyl carbon of an amino acid to amino nitrogen of another
What is exergonic (exothermic)?
Gaining of free energy by forming chemical of smaller reactants from larger products
What are the two different kinds of carbonyl groups, and where are they located?
A ketone is located internally, and a aldehyde is located on the end
false.
In cells amino acids are normally in what form?
ionized