World War I
The Transition to Modern America and the “Roaring Twenties”
The Great Depression;FDR, and the New Deal
FDR’s Challengers and the End of the New Deal
The Road to War
100

Was the US was prepared to enter the war?

No

100

What was Popular Culture and the Jazz Age?

  • Prohibition and organized crime

  • Sports    

  • Literature

  • Harlem Renaissance

  • Leisure and thrills

  • Music
100

What is significant about Herbert Hoover?

The Bonus Army & Hoovervilles

100

Who won the election of 1936?

FDR resoundingly

100

Who were the Allied Powers?

UK, France, Russia, and (later) US

200

What was the Committee on Public Information (CPI)?

Thousands of people were enlisted to publicize war effort, journalist agreed to self censorship.

200

What were aspects of consumerism?

  • Electrical industry

  • Appliances
  • Radio and film

  • Advertising
200

What occured in FDR's iconic First Hundred Days?

  • Emergency Banking Act 

  • Alphabet soup programs

  • “Fireside chats”

  • Economy Act

  • End of Prohibition

  • Liberalism as distinct from progressivism

200

What is the significance of The New Deal and Minorities?


  • African-Americans

    • Suffered the most during the great depression

    • 36% of blacks were unemployed

    • “Last hired, first fired”

    • Blacks shift their allegiance to the Democratic Party
200

Who were the Axis Powers?

Germany, Italy, and Japan

300

What was the Sedition Act? What was the Trading with the Enemies Act? What was the Espionage Act of 1917?

Imposed harsh penalties on those using disloyal, profane, abusive speech about the government, flag, or armed services;Allowed government to censor the foreign language press;A part of the laws meant to stamp out descent and 20 years imprisonment of those aiding the enemy, obstructing military recruitment, or encouraging disloyalty

300
What was a byproduct of Consumerism?

Mass production and uniformity

300

What were the CCC, FERA, TVA, PWA, Fair Labor Standards Act, WPA, FPA, and what did they stand for?

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): Put 250,000 men to work in parks building bridges, and controlling flood control


Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA); Provided 500M dollars in direct assistance to the states. The states would use the money as they saw fit to provide jobs


The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA): Generated and distributed power to the rural South; Brough FDR popularity to the South; Provided health and educational services to the South


Public Works Administration (PWA): Provided money for putting pppl to work with dams, bridges, and other structures


Set a 40 cent minimum wage and a 40 hour work week

Works Progress Administration (WPA): Put men to work building schools, hospitals, and air fields

Federal Writers’ Project (FPA): Employed historians and authors; Also recorded slave narratives, VERY IMPORTANT

300

What was the Conservative Coalition and “Conservative Manifesto”?

Informal coalition between southern democrats and northwest republicans

300

What were the main sentiments during the Road to World War II?

Isolationist and pacifist sentiment

From isolationism to internationalism

400

What was Woodrow Wilsons' 14 Point in "The Fourteen Points"?

The League of Nations
400

What was the 'new woman'?

  • The Flapper” wore undergarments, see through panty hoes, drank liquor, smoked, cut hair short, put on cosmetics

  • Educational opportunities meant young women were pouring into offices as clerks and secretaries
400

What was the Glass-Steagall Banking Act, Farm Credit Administration, NRA, AAA, FMP, CWA, and what did they stand for?

  • Glass-Steagall Banking Act

    • Separated commercial banking from investment banking

  • Farm Credit Administration

    • Provided credit for farmers

  • National Recovery Administration (NRA)

    • Attempt at planning cooperation between government, business, and labor

    • Set minimum wages and maximum hours

      • 700 codes that were enacted

      • Eventually became a bureaucratic nightmare

      • Issues (below)

        • Codes favored big business over small competitors

        • Minimum wages were often near starvation level

        • Each commpna that took part in NRA could display blue eagle and stamp symbol on products

          • Brief upsurge in 1933 but then sagged in 34

        • Ppl called the agency the “national run-around”

          • Supreme court struck it down in 1935 on constitutional grounds for being unconstitutional

  • Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

    • Intended to correct the problem of overproduction

    • Farmers did better under this

    • Government would set production limits for wheat cotton corn and other crops

      • AAA was created by congress and allocated anchorage  and took land out of production

      • Farmers were paid to slaughter 6M piglets and MANY other crops

    • Most of gain in farm income came from subsidy payments themselves rather than higher farmer market

      • Federal Music Program (FMP)

      • Employed 50,000 musicians

      • Civil Works Administration (CWA)

      • Put kids to work to build sewers, outhouses, etc

400

What were the 3 aspects to the Social Security Act of 1935?

  • 1) Age old pensions

  • 2) sets up an unemployment insurance system financed by a tax on employers
  • 3) provided direct federal grant to the states for welfare payments for the blind handicapped and needy elderly and families with dependent children where states administer

400

What was the Nye Committee and “Merchants of Death”?

  • Nye Committee was a special committee in 1934 to investigate the sale of munitions in World War I

  • Nye argued that bakers and munition makers were solely responsible for US involvement in WWI

500

What was the legacy of WWI?

Disillusionment and the end of Progressivism

500

What did the Roaring 20s represent? What were the factors of change involved?

  • Emergence of distinctively modern America

  • Era of transition and change

  • Clash between old vs new ways and rural vs urban values

  • Paradoxical decade: liberal in many respects; conservative in others

  • Conservatism

  • Second industrial revolution
  • The automobile industry and car culture

500

What were the causes of the Great Depression?

  • Stock market crash

    • Banks curtail landing

    • Production dropped off

    • People lacked money for purchasing

    • Unemployment: 25.2% in 1932

    • Nearly 50% unemployment in Chicago and Detroit

500

Who were FDR's challengers? What did they stand for?

  • Upton Sinclair: “End Poverty in California”

  • Father Charles Coughlin
  • Huey P. Long: “Share Our Wealth”

  • Francis Townsend
500

What were the 3 Neutrality Acts and what did they do?

  • Neutrality Act of 1935

    • Prohibited US ships from carrying arms to belligerent nations (any nation being aggressive too)

  • Neutrality Act of 1937: “Cash and Carry”

    • Cash and carry, US Citizens could by non belligerent weapons, transport them immediately, and then transport them onto ships

      • Neutrality Act of 1939

      • Allowed America to sell munitions to Britain and France

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