Exercise Metabolism
The bioenergetic pathway that first provides ATP for skeletal muscle at the onset of exercise is?
ATP-CP System
What are chemical messengers released into the blood?
Hormones
This term refers to all of the mechanisms used in the body to protect against foreign agents.
Immunity
People infected with SARS-Cov2 have a better clinical outcomes if they what?
Why do exercise- trained individuals have a lower oxygen deficit?
Better-developed aerobic bioenergetic capacity
The lag in oxygen consumption at the beginning of exercise?
Oxygen Deficit
This hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is involved in "fight or flight"?
Epinephrine or Norepinephrine
What is the innate immune system comprised of?
Physical barriers, cellular components and complement proteins
Which exercise regimen listed below is mostly likely to bolster the immune system against a variety of infections?
Moderate-intensity aerobic activity
What is a plateau is VO2max?
When a subject reaches their VO2max and there is not increase or they voluntarily terminated the test
The work rate or oxygen uptake at which there is a systematic rise in blood levels of lactic acid
Lactate Threshold
This hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland and plays a role in the regulation of plasma calcium levels?
Calcitonin
During acute inflammation, vasodilation results in what?
Edema
Increased blood flow to the damaged tissue
swelling
What lifestyle factors that have a negative impact on immune function?
Inadequate nutrition
Mental Stress
Poor sleep habits
What is the respiratory ratio (RQ)?
The ratio the reflects carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption of muscles at a steady state
As exercise intensity increases, there is a progressive increase in the reliance of carbohydrate metabolism in the exercising skeletal muscles.
The crossover concept
Which hormone may be related to changes in mood and pain perception during or immediately following endurance exercise?
Endorphins
What does the complement system do?
It destroys bacteria by create holes in the surface of the bacterium
Tags the cell surface for other cellular components to recognize and kill the invader
Serves as a chemoattractant
After the first few minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, oxygen consumption reaches a steady state, which indicates what?
The ATP requirements of this exercise are being met aerobically
Isulin secretion would be expected to________ during exercise.
decrease
What factor(s) could explain the rise in blood lactic acid at the lactate threshold? (Hint: There's 2)
An increased rate of lactate production and a decrease rate of removal of lactic acid from the blood.
This hormone increases significantly when plasma osmolality is high and plasma volume is diminished due to exercise.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
What are the key components of the innate immune system?
Neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells
Why is the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption is generally higher following heavy exercise when compared with moderate exercise?
Greater body heat gain
Greater creatine phosphate (CP) depleted
Higher levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine
Higher blood lactate levels
What is an example of hormonal combinations that are considered to be counter-regulatory? (Hint: sugar)
Insulin and glucagon