Organelles
What cell converts glucose into energy for the cell?
Mitochondria
what organelles are involved in membrane synthesis
ER + Golgi and vesicles for delivery
what is free energy
energy that is available to do work in a cell
what are two different types of cell signaling
synaptic, endocrine, auto, para
How did the mitochondria and the chloroplasts become organelles
endosymbiosis
What organelle sorts and packages material into vesicles
Golgi Apparatus
What is the difference between a peripheral membrane protein and an integral membrane protein
Peripheral is on the surface, integral is in the bilayer (transmembrane)
what type of metabolic pathway involves the building of molecules and consuming of energy
anabolic
What are the 3 parts of a signal transduction pathway?
Reception, transduction, response
what are organic cofactors called?
coenzymes
What cells are responsible for detoxifying
Smooth ER, lysosome, peroxisome
true or false facilitated diffusion requires ATP to move ions against their concentration gradient
False: Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport that goes with the concentration gradient
exergonic
what type of membrane channel changes shape when a signaling molecule binds as a ligand to the channel receptor
ligand gated ion channel
What are the holes in the plant cell wall that allow for passage of water and small solutes
plasmodesmata.
What is synthesized in the nucleolus
rRNA
if a cell is surrounded by a solution with high amounts of sodium, the solution is ______. Will the water in the cell lessen or grow?
hypertonic, water will leave cell to balance gradient
What type of enzyme inhibitor causes the enzyme to change shape
noncompetitive inhibitors
what is apoptosis?
cells that are infected, damaged, or old have a programmed cell death.
What is the correlation between Microtubules, centrioles, and centrosomes.
9 rings of 3 microtubules make up a centriole, 2 centrioles make up a centrosome.
Microtubules grow out from the centrosome
What are the cisternae in the rough ER
The sacs that make up the ER. the space within is the Lumen
exocytosis is when a ____ fuses to the membrane to secrete ____
exocytosis is when a vesicle fuses to the membrane to secrete large molecule, protein/polysaccharides
define allosteric regulation
any case in which a protein's function at one site is affected by the binding of a molecule to a separate site.
why would the same signal react differently in different types of cells?
Different cells activate different gens leading to different proteins that react to the molecule/signal
describe the mechanism of the sodium potassium pump
active transport
3 Na in and out
2K in and out
Na stays low inside cell