Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 8
Misc.
100
What is the difference between fear and anxiety?
Fear is the body response to a serious threat. Anxiety is the body's response to a sense of being in danger.
100
What is factitious disorder? What is factitious disorder imposed on another? How are they different from malingering?
Factitious disorder- a nonexistent physical or psychological disorder deliberately faked for no apparent gain except, possibly, sympathy and attention.
100
What two key emotions are involved in mood disorders?
Depression and mania
100
Eating disorders have a high comorbidity with what mood disorder?
Depression
100
What is Pica?
The persistent eating of nonnutritive substances
200
The sympathetic nervous system is involved in the following: dilates pupils, secretes adrenaline, accelerates heart, increases breathing, inhibits digestion, and inhibits immune function. What is the major neurotransmitter involved with this activity?
Norepinephrine
200
Describe the two patterns of somatic symptom disorder.
Somatization pattern- primary feature of somatic symptom disorder is pain; precise prevalence has not been determined, the pattern is fairly common; may begin at many age, and more women than men seem to experience it; develops after an accident or during an illness that caused genuine pain, which then takes on a life of its own. Predominant pain pattern- usually go from doctor to doctor in search of relief; describe their many symptoms in dramatic and exaggerated terms which most also feel anxious and depressed; lasts for many years, fluctuating over time but rarely disappearing completely without therapy.
200
What are the 5 main areas of functioning that are affected with symptoms of depression?
Emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive, and physical.
200
Describe the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Compare/contrast the subtypes.
Symptoms of anorexia nervosa-a refusal to maintain more than 85% of normal body weight; intense fear of becoming overweight; distorted view of weight and shape; amenorrhea. Subtypes- restricting type or binge eating/purging type.
200
What is the best treatment for bipolar disorders?
Combination of CBT and medication.
300
Give the clinical description of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Extensive anxiety worry for at least 6 months and must be ongoing for more days than not
300
Do zebras get ulcers? Why or why not?
No they don't. Stress for zebras is typically episodic, whereas with humans it is chronic.
300
What is the cognitive model for depression?
Cognitive model- maladaptive attitudes, cognitive triad, errors in their thinking, and experience automatic thoughts.
300
Compare/contrast anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
Similarities- begin after a period of dieting; fear of becoming obese; drive to become thin; preoccupation with food, weight, appearance; feelings of anxiety, depression, obsessiveness, perfectionism; heightened risk of suicide attempts; substance abuse; distorted body perception; disturbed attitudes toward eating Differences- >1/3 of individuals display characteristics of borderline personality disorder; about 50% of women experience amenorrhea
300
What are the warning signs of depression?
The following signs and symptoms are considered indicators of depression if they persist for a period of more than two weeks: feeling sad or empty most of the day, nearly every day; reduced interest and pleasure in activities; significant unintentional weight loss or gain or a change in appetite; over or under sleeping; feeling worthless, hopeless, and/or inappropriately guilty; recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
400
What is the difference in an obsession and a compulsion in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?
Obsession- intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges. Compulsions- thoughts or actions to neutralize anxious thoughts.
400
What is a dissociative disorder? Describe dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder.
A dissociative disorders are characterized by alterations in perceptions: a sense of detachment from one’s own self, from the world, or from memories. Dissociative amnesia- the individual may be unable to remember important personal information. Dissociative identity disorder- dissociative disorder involving a disturbance of identity in which two or more separate and distinct personality states (or identities) control an individual's behavior at different times. When under the control of one identity, a person is usually unable to remember some of the events that occurred while other personalities were in control.
400
What are the 5 main areas of functioning that are affected with symptoms of bipolar disorder?
Emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive, and physical.
400
What role does the hypothalamus play in eating disorders? Distinguish between the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH).
Theorists believe that eating disorders may be related to dysfunction of the hypothalamus. Lateral hypothalamus (LH)- causes a desire to eat. Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)- causes a desire to stop eating.
400
What are the casual factors of Somatic Symptom Disorder?
Familial history of illness, stressful life events, sensitivity to physical sensations, and experience suggesting that there are benefits to illness (e.g., attention).
500
Briefly explain the different exposure treatments: systematic desensitization, flooding, modeling.
Systematic desensitization- behavioral therapy technique to diminish excessive fears, involving gradual exposure to the feared stimulus paired with a positive coping experience, usually relaxation. Flooding- forced, prolonged exposure to the actual stimulus that provoked the original trauma. Modeling- learning through observation and imitation of the behavior of other individuals and consequences of that behavior.
500
What are the four types of amnesia?
Dissociative amnesia- dissociative disorder featuring the inability to recall personal information; usually of a stressful or traumatic nature. Generalized amnesia- loss of memory of all personal information, including identity. Localized or selective amnesia- memory loss limited to specific times and events, particularly traumatic events. Dissociative fugue- type of dissociative amnesia featuring sudden, unexpected travel away from home, along with an inability to recall the past, sometimes with assumption of a new identity.
500
What is the difference between bipolar I and bipolar II?
Bipolar I- alternations between full manic episodes and major depressive episodes Bipolar II- alternations between major depressive and hypomanic episodes
500
Why is sleep important?
Just a few hours' sleep deprivation decreases immune functioning; sleep deprivation affects all aspects of daily functioning (energy, mood, memory, concentration, attention); sleep loss may bring on feelings of depression in non-depressed individuals
500
What is trichotillomania and excoriation?
Trichotillomania- hair pulling disorder Excoriation- skin picking disorder
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