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What is vital statistics
Provides useful data on health status of our country. Includes: Births, Deaths, Marriages, divorce
Components of Community Diagnosis
The problem
The population
What the problem is related to (characteristics)
How is the problem demonstrated (indicators)
Role of a PHN: Disaster Preparedness
By knowing the aspects of the community as a PHN, nurses can inform emergency or disaster plans that meet its unique needs.
Example: during the disaster, the PHN's role may center on staffing emergency shelters for persons with special health and medical needs or providing tetanus immunizations for persons engaged in cleanup activities.
medicAID
is AID for low-income individuals, families and people with disabilities These people must qualify by having their income within the state's establish income limits. Eligibility is determined by the states Can cover chronic disease management
WIC (Women, Infants and Children)
A federal grant program that provides nutritional supplements to nutritionally at-risk pregnant women and their children up to age 5.
Pays for essential items such as milk, eggs, and baby formula Includes education, screening, counseling and referrals to other health and social services
Rapid Needs Assessment
Just like a rapid response or code, in the hospital, this is always a response to an emergency in the community
Three Core Functions of Public Health
1.) Population assessment
2.) Assurance of a well-coordinated system of health promotion and health-care services
3.) Policy development to support the health of the community
Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC)
Funded through HRSA
Expands access to care for those in need
Must serve underserved area
Provide sliding fee scale
Provide comprehensive services
Quality assurance program
Enhanced Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement
CHIP: Children's Health Insurance Program
For families who have income above the Medicaid requirements but can't afford private or ACA insurance. Although funded federally, states still determine eligibility just like in Medicaid.
SSDI: Social Security Disability Income
Disability income to those who are disabled and have worked enough and paid social security taxes) over the past 10 years and aren't expected to be able to work for at least 1 year. Remember: Disability doesn't have to be visible to be present.
Asset Mapping vs Community Mapping
- Community Mapping is looking at concentrations of disease in a community
- a collaborative community development process that identifies and visually or structurally documents a group's or neighborhood's existing strengths, resources, and talents
Public Health Departments centralized, decentralized, and mixed
Centralized: Operated by state health agency/ board of health
- Decentralized: Local government runs this operation No board of health usually!
- Mixed: Operated by the shared authority of the board of health, state health agency and local government.
Political Feasibility
How likely will an elected official accept and support your health policy?
is the policy realistic and cost effective?
Healthy Start
Reduces infant mortality by providing services to parents and children such as prenatal care, well baby clinics, reducing barriers to care and empowering clients with education.
Health Impact Assessment
What's the ripple effect of a new policy or project?
Steps include screening, scoping, assessing, developing and reporting
Did the Affordable Care Act improve the health of those who would be uninsured?
Did installing a light-rail system in a low-income neighborhood improve access to health care by providing affordable transportation to and from appointments?
MAPP vs MAP-IT
- MAPP: working with the people to improve quality of life
- Map-IT: It works on implementing HP2030 initiatives.
Local Health Policy/Department Function
Local health departments follow state and local laws and regulations
Involved with water safety and fluoridation, sanitation, communicable disease control, food safety, and at times regulate or own healthcare facilities
Play a role in disaster preparedness/response
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Improves access to care for those who do not qualify for Medicare or Medicaid and may not have insurance available through an employer. Denial of coverage for preexisting conditions was prohibitedYoung adults could stay on their parents' plan until age 26. Medicaid coverage for most non-elderly low-income adults was expanded.
Has helped expand Medicaid programs to more low-income families
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
Temporary, support of economically needy families, helping parents complete their education, teaching job skills, and encouraging two-parent families.
Has work requirements
KEEPRA (Kinship, Education, Economics, Policy, Religion and Associations)
digs in deeper to look at the family dynamics, financial concerns, educational attainment and accessibility, places or worship and community groups.
Socioecological Model
socioecological model of health promotion uses an upstream approach that includes the social, environmental, and economic contexts of healthy populations. In other words... explores social influences and environmental factors
State Health Policy/ Agency Function
Regulate licensing of health-care personnel & facilities
Administer PH programs like Medicaid
Distribute state & federal funds for PH activities to local PHDs
Participate in the U.S. CDC Health Alert Network (HAN)
mediCARE
Federally funded
Is CARE for the older adult (65+) and with certain disabilities (ex: ESRD and ALS)
SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program)
Formerly known as "food stamps"
Provides no income and low income families with financial assistance to buy food that is healthy
Community Capacity Building
working in partnerships and supporting community members in their decision making
Example: strengthening social networks by training neighborhood volunteers to host walking groups and social gatherings