SCI
a ___ spinal injury will need mechanical ventilation due to a paralyzed diaphragm
C4
#1 diagnostic test to differ hemorrhagic vs ischemic stroke
CT scan
When prescribed diuretics, what are some things that pt is at risk for?
hypovolemia, hypotension, hypokalemia
meds to treat schizo
lithium, ssris, cognitive behavioral therapy
Nurses can administer t-PA (alteplase) within ___ hrs of symptom onset
4.5
diazepam and baclofen are medications used in SCI pts to treat muscle ______
spasticity
Non contrast head CT scan: AHA practice standard is completion within ___ minutes of arrival to the ED, must be read within ____ mins
25, 45
breakdown of skeletal muscle releasing increased amount of myoglobin which clogs the renal tubules
Rhabdomyolysis
this type of behavior is excessive emotionality and attention seeking
histronic (cluster b)
This autonomic response involves involuntary hair standing, shivering, and sweating, commonly observed in spinal cord injury patients experiencing disrupted thermoregulation.
piloerection
complete vs incomplete SCI
complete: total loss of sensation and voluntary muscle control BELOW level of injury
Incomplete/partial: some sensory or motor fiber connections are preserved
This medication is contraindicated in patients with evidence of intracranial bleeding on CT scan but is the gold standard treatment within a specific time window for clot-related strokes.
alteplase
ways to treat hyperkalemia (meds?)
regular insulin, dextrose, calcium gluconate, sodium polystyrene (kayexalate), lokelma
These symptoms of schizophrenia include flat affect, avolition, and anhedonia, and are often mistaken for depression.
negative symptoms
In SCI pts, nurses must ensure homeostasis and perfusion is sustainable with a MAP > ___
85
primary injury vs secondary injury
primary; result of inital trauma, irreversible
secondary; result of ischemia, hypoxia or hemorrhaging - reversible or preventable during 1st 4-6 hrs of primary injury
s/s of stroke Motor weakness (bilateral or unilateral)? Speech? Balance? Sensory changes? Vision? Mental status)
motor weakness of face, arm or leg, especially on one side (unilateral, hemiparesis), slurred (dysarthria), trouble speaking (expressive aphasia) or understanding speech (receptive aphasia), ataxia, paresthesia (unilateral), homonymous hemianopsia, diplopia, confusion or change in mental status
This electrolyte imbalance in AKI poses the greatest immediate risk for life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.
hyperkalemia
maladaptive coping pattern on the part of family members or others resulting from a prolonged relationship with the person who uses substances
co dependency
hyperphosphatemia treatment (IV meds?)
calcium acetate and calcium carbonate
s/s for autonomic dysreflexia (BP? HR?)
severe hypertension, pounding headache, flushed skin above injury, piloerection below injury, anxiety, brady/tachycardia, profuse sweating, pale, cool, skin, nasal congestion
A patient with suspected hemorrhagic stroke suddenly becomes bradycardic with irregular respirations and widening pulse pressure. This indicates this life-threatening condition.
Cushings triad
explain prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal
prerenal; sudden and severe drop in BP or inturruption of blood flow to kidneys
intrarenal; direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs or redcued blood supply
postrenal; sudden obstruction of urine flow
A patient with schizophrenia is experiencing command hallucinations telling them to harm others. what is the nurse’s priority action?
safety
positive vs negative s/s
+ = delusions, hallucinations, flight of ideas, associative looseness, bizarre behaviors
- = alogia, anhedonia, avolition, apathy, flat affect, catatonia