Muscular System
The component of muscle anatomy that contains the contractile proteins for muscle contraction.
What is a sarcomere?
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body
What is a Left Ventricle
Sum of all cellular reactions, including synthesis and breakdown pathways
What is metabolism?
Product of force and distance
What is work?
The maintenance of a constant and "normal" internal environment, where physiological variables vary around a set point or value.
What is homeostasis?
Encasing of the muscle fiber to store calcium and direct action potentials across the length of a fiber.
What is the sarcoplasm reticulum?
Blood travels from right side of the heart to the lungs and travels back to left side of the heart
What is pulmonary circuit?
Regulate metabolic pathways by lowering the activation energy of reactions.
What is an enzyme?
Work is calculated using resistance, distance per revolution, and pedal revolutions.
What is cycle ergometer?
It consists of interconnected components that maintain a physical, chemical, or physiological parameter at a relatively constant value
What is a biological control system?
The contractile protein the causes a conformational change to tropomyosin to form a cross-bridge after being activated by calcium.
What is troponin?
Heart Rate (HR) × Stroke Volume (SV)
What is Cardiac Output?
Simplest and most rapid method of ATP production
What is ATP-PCr System?
Estimates metabolic rate using oxygen consumption.
What is indirect calorimetry?
Triggered by cooling and drying of the airways; requires proper warm-up and environmental precautions.
What is exercise-induced asthma?
Actin slides over myosin, reducing the distance between Z-lines, leading to contraction
What is a Sliding Filament Model
Blood is directed toward active muscles
What is redistribution of blood flow during exercise?
Reflects prolonged elevated oxygen consumption beyond O₂ deficit repayment
What are EPOC?
Equals to 3.5 mL/kg/min O2
What is MET? or resting VO2?
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) may offer greater benefits than continuous exercise in these patients
What is COPD?
Accumulation of lactate, H⁺, ADP, Pi, and free radicals decreases force generation and shortening velocity
What is a fatigue (due to high intensity exercise)
Lowers BP through decreased vascular resistance and arterial stiffness, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress and increased endothelial function and parasympathetic activity
What are the effects of exercise on hypertension?
The point at which lactate accumulates in the blood
What is Lactate Threshold?
The ratio of work output divided by energy expenditure above rest.
What is net efficiency?
An example is an increase in extracellular CO2, which triggers receptors to send information to the respiratory control center, increasing breathing and decreasing CO2 concentration back to normal.
What is negative feedback?