Diabetes
Which type of Diabetes happens when body’s immune system destroyed beta cells?
Type 1 diabetes
The nurse assesses dry, hot skin, fruity breath, and deep respirations. To which problem should the nurse attribute these findings?
Ketoacidosis
Why do people experience increased thirst.type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)?
High glucose levels in the blood pull cellular water into circulating volume and increase thirst
Classic signs and symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus include...
Polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia
What is the benefit of rotating injection sites for insulin?
It helps enhance insulin absorption
Which type of diabetes accounts for 90-95% of all cases of diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes
The nurse is caring for a patient suspected of having ketoacidosis. Which manifestation(s) is/are characteristic with early ketoacidosis?
Fruity breath
Polyuria
Thirst
Expain why why diabetics are prone to infection?
Atherosclerotic vascular changes decrease blood supply to tissues
The nurse notes that the HbA1c level of an assigned patient demonstrated a drop from 9.4% to 5.4%. What can the nurse infer from these findings?
The patient’s blood glucose control has improved over the last several months
What type of insulin is Lantus
long acting
True or False?
Gestational diabetes goes away completely, once a woman gives birth.
False
Explain ketosis
The condition resulted when my body tried to break down and use my stores of fats
In OLDER adults who are diabetic. Why might a nurse caution against the technique of “tight control” of hyperglycemia?
Older adults may experience cardiovascular problems from hypoglycemia
Which goal is the primary objective of a diabetic diet?
Adequate nutrition with weight control
Identify some actions which patents should not do when administering insulin...
The patient rubs the injection site after administration of the insulin injection
The patient draws up the cloudy insulin and then the clear insulin
The patient shakes the insulin bottle before administration
What modifiable life changes can impact type 2 diabetes?
Begin an exercise program and lose weight
Aside from blood glucose and ketones, which which laboratory values are consistent with a patient in ketoacidosis?
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 35 mg/dL.
A normal Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) level for most healthy adults is between 7 and 20 mg/dL
How does diabetes predispose the patient to cardiovascular complications?
Hyperglycemic periods cause thickening of the basement membrane in vessels, which causes atherosclerosis
The patient takes his NovoLog 70/30 at 0700. When should the nurse suggest that the patient schedule exercise?
1300
For the patient experiencing a hypoglycemic reaction to insulin, which would be the best action?
Administer ½ cup of apple or orange juice.
How can stress impact type 2 diabetes?
Periods of stress cause increases in glycogen production by the adrenal cortex
What is the significance of significance of islet cell antibodies?
Islet cell antibodies cause beta cells to quit producing insulin and lead to type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Explain why it may be diffcult to to maintain glycemic control at night and during early morning hours.
Counterregulatory hormones produce hyperglycemia
Explain some requirements that are part of the criteria for “tight control” of hyperglycemia?
Administer insulin injections three times a day based on glucometer readings. Correct
Maintain fasting glucose within normal limits
Maintain normal weight for height and age
Maintain cholesterol within normal limits
Which insulin is considered fast-acting?
Humalog