B cells
What is the first and last type of recombination that occurs in B cell development to form the BCR?
What is heavy chain recombination and light chain recombination?
What type of immunoglobulin has unexposed Fc portions?
What is IgA
What model is used to describe what occurs in the double positive stage of T cell development?
What is the kinetic signaling model? (Also accept reference to strength and length --> essentially the model :))
What benefits do CAR-NK cells have over CAR-T cells?
What is Lower risk of CRS, neurotoxicity, graft v host disease, can be used from allogeneic sources, faster manufacturing due as they can be derived from iPSCs, and reduced risk of autoimmunity?
What autocrine cytokine stimulates T cell activation?
What is IL-2?
What stromal factor is known as a "homing factor", responsible for keeping Pre-pro B cells in the bone marrow during development?
What is CXCL12
What type of immunoglobulin is associated with histamine reactions and allergies?
What is IgE?
What is the master gene regulator for Treg?
What is FOXP3?
Name two CD markers that (most) NK cells have.
What are CD56 and CD16?
Name at least 3 examples of diseases that can trigger a cytokine storm.
What are 1918 H1N1 influenza, SARS, MERS, Covid, Ebola, or bacterial sepsis?
Describe the process of B cell receptor editing... What stage/when does this occur? Which genes/chain(s) does this involve?
What is Central tolerance (when BCR binds too strongly). Gene rearrangment occurs in the light chain and involves the use of RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes.
What antibody can cross blood vessels and the placenta?
What is IgG
Which TCR chains are equivalent to light chains in BCR?
What are alpha and gamma chains?
Why did the researchers compare the efficacy of MSLN-NK to common chemotherapies?
What is To test if MSLN-NK is as or more effective than common therapies and to test if MSLN-NK will be toxic to healthy cells?
IL-1RA serves to regulate the IL-1 response by ...
What is acting as a competitive inhibitor?
What is the B cell pro-survival signal made by follicular dendritic cells?
What is BAFF?
What are ways in which IgE protects the body from parasites and worms?
What is complement-dependent cytoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
Name at least 2 coinhibitory receptors in T cells and what they bind to.
(CTLA-4 binds to CD80 or CD-86 on pAPCS; PD-1 binds to PD-L1 or PD-L2 on pAPCS, some T and B cells, and tumor cells; BTLA binds HVEM expressed by some APCS, and B and T cells)
What is an scFV fragment and what is its function in CARs?
What is a Single-chain antibody fragment that serves as the antigen binding site in CARs and gives CARs greater specificity to their target?
(allows CARs to recognize mesothelin is also an acceptible answer)
A patient is experiencing a condition that affects immune cells' ability to perform diapedesis. What cytokine family should we look into?
What are chemokines?
What chemical constitutes the intracellular survival signal during peripheral tolerance?
What is DAG/Diacylglycerol?
What type of immunoglobulin has high avidity and low affinity binding?
What is IgM?
What is a mechanism that ONLY happens in the TCR and NOT the BCR?
What is alternative joining of D segments
What makes TNBC so aggressive?
What is The lack of three critical hormonal receptors and a harsh tumor microenvironment that is often immunosuppressive?
An infant is currently febrile and eventually goes into febrile seizure due to a proliferation of a certain cytokine that acts on the hypothalamus to increase body temperature. Which cytokine should we run tests for?
What is IL1 (pyrogen)?